1960-2008年黑河流域参考作物蒸发蒸腾量的时空变化  

Temporal and spatial changes of reference crop evapotranspiration in the Heihe River Basin from 1960 to 2008

作　　者：张亚宁[1] 张勃[1] 王亚敏[1] 卓玛兰草[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2011年第5期779-787,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40961038);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY200806021-07);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q10-4);生态经济学省级重点学科(5001-021)共同资助

摘　　要：利用1960-2008年黑河流域16个气象站的逐日气象资料,采用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算流域参考作物蒸发蒸腾量(ET0),在此基础上运用IDW插值法进行空间插值,对黑河流域ET0的时空分布和变化趋势进行了分析,并采用多元回归分析法对影响ET0变化的主导因素进行了探讨。结果表明:黑河流域ET0南部山区低于中、北部地区,中、南部表现为从南到北的增加趋势,北部表现为从西到东的增加趋势;ET0主要集中在夏季和春季,秋季次之,冬季最少;ET0的变化速率为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季;年ET0总体上呈波动下降趋势,1967年之前呈减小趋势,之后呈增加趋势1,974年之后又呈减小趋势,1993年之后又呈增加趋势;除冬季ET0呈微弱的增加趋势外,其他季节的ET0均呈减小趋势;风速是影响黑河流域ET0变化的主导因素,而影响冬季ET0变化的主导因素是气温。Water resources of the Heihe River Basin located in the semi-arid region of northwestern China are significantly limited,which has been an important and hot issue and drawing more and more attentions in recent years.Investigating spatial and temporal distributions of reference crop evapotranspiration in the Heihe River Basin would greatly helpful for irrigation water supply planning and understanding of the impact of climate change on reference crop evapotranspiration,and moreover,availability of water resources.This would gainfully benefit water saving as well as improvement in water utilization efficiency.Based on the daily data of 16 meteorological stations throughout the Heihe River Basin during the period from 1960 to 2008,daily reference crop evapotranspiration were calculated using the Penman-Monteith Method recommended by the FAO.The temporal and spatial variations of reference crop evapotranspiration in the Heihe River Basin were carefully analyzed in this study.By the method of IDW under ArcGIS the spatial distributions of reference crop evapotranspiration were drawn in order to research regional difference.Through the multiple regression method,the major climate factors which affect the temporal changes of reference crop evapotranspiration were also analyzed in detail.The results showed that the annual-average reference crop evapotranspirations in the Heihe River Basin ranged from 845 mm to 1 579 mm,and appeared as obviously spatial difference.The southern areas had the lowest values of reference crop evapotranspiration in the Heihe River Basin.Generally,the reference crop evapotranspiration showed a decreasing trend from the north to the south in the middle and southern areas,and increased from the west to the east in the northern area.In terms of season,magnitudes of reference crop evapotranspiration mainly concentrated in summer and spring,accounting for 30% and 42% of the total for a year,respectively,followed by autumn and winter.The results indicated that the annual reference crop evapotranspirat

关 键 词：参考作物蒸发蒸腾量 时空变化 PENMAN-MONTEITH公式 黑河流域 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]