新疆天山南坡表土花粉的初步研究  

Surface pollen distribution in the southern slope of Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang

作　　者：杨振京[1] 张芸[2] 毕志伟[1] 杨庆华[1] 孔昭宸[2] 阎顺[3] 严明疆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北正定050803 [2]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2011年第6期880-889,共10页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:40972212和40601104);教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助;中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(SK07009;SK200806)资助

摘　　要：横亘于亚洲中部的天山山系是一个完整的自然地理单元,山地植被和土壤具有垂直分布明显和区域性差异大的特点,故对花粉的传播、保存、搬运与沉积具有重大影响。根据对西北干旱地区天山中段南坡一条从海拔4 285 m的天山一号冰川到海拔1 200 m的和静段的样带所采集的38个表土花粉样品的孢粉组合图式、植被样方调查资料以及排序结果,探讨了南坡垂直带的植被与表土花粉之间的关系,并对南北坡样带的表土花粉组合特征进行了比较。该区表土孢粉谱可分为5个孢粉组合带,分别对应高山流石滩稀疏植被带、高山草甸带、亚高山草甸草原带、山地荒漠带和典型荒漠带等植被带。与北坡相比,南坡孢粉组合带因缺少典型的森林和森林草原孢粉带,其垂直带谱并不完整。其次,相同孢粉带在南坡的分布高度明显比北坡高。值得注意的是,在亚高山草甸草原带的花粉组合是以云杉属为主,AP/NAP(木本植物/非木本植物花粉)比值处于最高值,在该带之上的云杉属花粉含量也较高,可能与天山地区特殊地貌地形所形成的局地气流有一定关系。The Tianshan Mountains,distributed in the Central Asia,are the most integrate geographical zones,which display a distinct vertical gradient distribution of vegetation and soil types and have a great impact on pollen dispersion,preservation,transportation and deposition.According to the data of vegetation plots,ordination results and pollen assemblage of 38 modern pollen samples,which were collected along an altitudinal transect on the southern slope of the central Tianshan Mountains of the arid northwest China starting from Tianshan No.1 Glacier at 4 285 m elevation to desert at 460 m in the Hejing County,we analyzed the relationship between vegetation and surface pollen assemblages,and compare different pollen assemblage between the south facing and north facing slopes of the Tianshan Mountains.The 38 surface samples are divided into five pollen zones(alpine talus vegetation,alpine meadow,subalpine meadow steppe,Montane desert and typical desert),corresponding to major vegetation types on the southern slope of the central Tianshan Mountains.Compared with the northern slope,the vertical pollen spectrum of southern slope is not integrated,lacking typical forest and forest-steppe ecotone pollen zone.In addition,similar pollen zones on the southern slope are found in higher altitudes than those on the northern slope.The pollen assemblage of the subalpine meadow steppe zone,consisting mostly of Picea schrenkiana,is characterized by high percentages of spruce pollen types with higher AP/NAP(arboreal pollen/non-arboreal pollen) value.But above the zone,its percentages are also higher,which maybe have relation with the local current formed by special topography and geomorphology of the Tianshan Mountains.

关 键 词：天山南坡 表土花粉 云杉 植被带 新疆 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]