对赛前紧张和焦虑的认识与分析  

作　　者：董群[1] 周毅[1] 庄俊涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学体育与艺术学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《当代体育科技》2011年第4期11-12,14,共3页Contemporary Sports Technology

摘　　要：心理因素是现代竞技体育比赛中十分重要的一个训练环节,它是取得胜利的主要手段。对赛前紧张和焦虑所产生的原因进行分析,举例说明心理因素在赛前所产生的危害,指出呼吸调节法是克服赛前紧张和焦虑的最基本的方法之一;回想过去成功的比赛会使运动员从中受到鼓舞,得到力量,变得自信、从容;运动员的期望值不宜太高,要根据己的实际情况选择奋斗目标;念动训练能使运动员从紧张和焦虑中解放出来,振奋精神,斗志昂扬地参加比赛;专门性心理训练能达到消除运动员过度紧张心理和稳定情绪的作用。在一场运动比赛的最后胜负,不单纯决定于技术和身体素质方面的差距,在很大程度上决定于运动员的心理素质。Psychological factors in modern competitive sports training in a very important part of it is the primary means of victory.Of stress and anxiety before the analysis of the causes of,examples of psychological factors arising from the hazards before the game that regulate breathing method is to overcome stress and anxiety before the most basic methods;back on the past success of the competition will be Athletes are encouraged to learn,gain strength,become self-confident,calm;athlete's expectations should not be too high,according to the actual situation has been the goal;cognitive training can make athletes from the liberation of tension and anxiety,boost morale,fighting spirit high-spirited to participate in the competition;specialized psychological training athletes can achieve the elimination of excessive stress the role of psychological and emotional stability.In the final outcome of a sporting event,not simply determined by the technical and physical aspects of the gap,to a large extent determined by the athlete's psychological qualities.

关 键 词：紧张 焦虑 经验 期望值 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]