飞行员肾脏疾病九例的医学鉴定并文献复习  

medical assessment of kidney diseases on 9 pilots and literatures review

作　　者：曹淑玉[1] 薛霞[1] 王丽萍[1] 刘义欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]空军航空医学研究所载人离心机医学训练基地,北京100089

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2009年第4期266-269,320,共4页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的 探讨飞行员肾脏疾病的发病特点、诊疗经验以及医学鉴定原则,提出应对策略.方法回顾性分析2005年6月至2008年5月3年间我科收治的9例飞行员肾脏疾病患者的资料和在此期间收治的住院飞行员病历. 结果 ①9例飞行员均为青壮年男性,年龄25～40岁.飞行员肾脏疾病主要分3类:原发性肾小球疾病、先天性尿路畸形和肾结石.②3年问检出各类肾脏疾病占同期本科住院飞行人员总人次的14.9‰.其中,原发性肾小球疾病4例,先天性尿路畸形3例,肾结石4例,有2例飞行员同时患有2种肾脏疾病.③原发性肾小球疾病停飞率高;成人期诊断的先天性尿路畸形多不严重,不影响肾功能者飞行合格;肾结石排出后飞行合格,稳定的肾结石无症状者双座机飞行合格,活动性肾结石飞行不合格.9例飞行员肾脏疾病患者,飞行不合格2例,均为肾小球肾炎患者(其中1例合并肾结石);飞行暂时不合格2例,1例为肾病综合征患者,1例为单纯肾结石患者;其余5例飞行合格,其中2例肾结石患者限双座机飞行. 结论 原发性肾小球疾病、先天性尿路畸形及肾结石在飞行员中均多见,对飞行安全有一定影响,应引起重视并加强相关研究.objective to investigate the invasion characteristics of kidney diseases on pilot, consultation experiences as well as medical assessment and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. methods medical records of 9 kidney disease cases, which were diagnosed by our medical department of hospital from june 2005 to may 2008, and the cases of hospitalized pilots during this period were reviewed. results ① among all pilots, aged from 25 to 40 years old, three sorts of kidney diseases were diagnosed as primary kidney glomerular disease (glomerulopathy), urinary tract deformity and kidney calculi. ② the incidence of the kidney diseases was 14.9‰ in all hospitalized pilots. among these cases, 4 were primary glomerular disease, 3 were urinary tract deformity and 4 were kidney calculi; 2 pilots simultaneously had two sorts of kidney diseases. ③ primary glomerular diseases caused high grounding rate. the pilots with urinary tract deformity were diagnosed as non-severe disease in adulthood and were qualified for flying. qualification was also respectively evaluated to single and double seat aircraft pilots who had urinary calculus removed and who had calculus but with stable condition and no obvious symptom. the pilots who were suffering from active calculus were imposed to be temporarily grounded. the assessments for above 9 cases were concluded as: 2 glomerulonephritis pilots were disqualified (one of them was concomitant kidney calculi); 2 were temporary grounded, 1 for syndrome and 1 for simplex kidney calculi; the rest 5 were qualified, and 2 of them were restricted to fly double seat aircraft due to their kidney calculi state. conclusions primary kidney glomerular disease, urinary tract deformity and kidney calculi are not infrequent kidney diseases in pilots and these would become the potential risk to flying. it is suggested that to pay more attention on diagnosing and treating of the diseases and to invest on further study.

关 键 词：肾疾病 肾小球肾炎 肾病综合征 肾结石 合格鉴定 

分 类 号：R856.5[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R692[医药卫生—临床医学]