鼓膜造孔防治耳气压伤的实验研究  

experimental investigation of tympanostomy for preventing barotrauma

作　　者：姜丹泉[1,2] 张学渊[1] 孙建军[2] 刘阳[2] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学西南医院,重庆400038 [2]海军总医院全军耳鼻咽喉头颈外科中心,北京100037

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2009年第4期283-286,封4,共5页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的 通过动物鼓膜造孔对耳气压伤防治的实验研究,为有效预防飞行过程中中耳及内耳的继发性损伤提供实验依据. 方法 30只豚鼠按编号随机分为3组,每组10只,分别制成双侧、单侧咽鼓管机能不良动物模型及对照组.3组均行左耳鼓膜激光造孔模拟人工耳咽管,并放入低压舱以15 m/s速率上升至5000 m模拟高度,停留5 min,然后以70 m/s速率下降至地面,出舱后观察鼓膜充血情况. 结果 30只实验鼠左耳鼓膜均未见充血内陷;而右耳鼓膜大多出现充血内陷,甚至鼓室黏膜出血、鼓膜穿孔. 结论 鼓膜造孔能够有效预防耳气压机能不良在飞行过程中引起的中耳、内耳损伤.这可能是飞行人员预防和治疗耳气压机能不良及气压性中耳、内耳损伤的有效方法之一.objective to explore the effects of tympanostomy for curing ear barometric dysfunction and further preventing insecondary barotrauma. methods thirty guinea pigs were randomly divided into bilateral, unilateral and control group (n = 10 for each) where the manual eustachian tube was perforated by laser on left tympanic membrane. animal's ear barometric dysfunction was modeled by inserting a polyvinylchloride (pvc) tube to bilateral and unilateral pharynx nasalis respectively. then they were exposed in altitude chamber that was with 15 m/s climbing rate to 5000 m and with 70 m/s descent rate to ground level after 5 min staying. congestion and exudation condition of eardrum and middle ear mucosa of animals were examined by electric otoseope after the exposure. statistical analysis was done for all 3 groups. results the left tympanic membrane of all 30 guinea pigs showed no congestion or exudation. whereas the right tympanic membrane of the animals, that tympanostomy was not applied, was mostly congested and perforated. conclusions manual eustachian tube could prevent barometric dysfunction ear with insecondary barotrauma in simulated flight barometric environment. the investigation suggests that tympanostomy would be an effective mean for curing pilot's ear barometric dysfunction and preventing insecondary barotrauma of middle or inner ear.

关 键 词：中耳通气 豚鼠 耳 气压伤 动物 实验 耳镜检查 

分 类 号：R856.6[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R764[医药卫生—临床医学]