劣质残渣油的加工和应用技术进展  

Advances in Low-Quality Residual Oil Processing and Application Technology

作　　者：刘慧娟 周华群 郭绪强[1] 李文乐 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)化学工程学院,北京102249 [2]中国石油石油化工研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《中外能源》2012年第2期74-79,共6页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：原油的日趋重质化和劣质化导致炼厂劣质残渣油数量随之增大。目前劣质残渣油主要作为燃料油的调合组分或直接作为重质燃料油使用,经济效益和能量利用效率非常低,寻找高价值的加工和应用途径是目前急需解决的问题。劣质残渣油可通过掺炼延迟焦化、渣油加氢或渣油气化等常规工艺进行加工,但由于重金属、灰分等杂质含量高,应用常规工艺加工时存在装置损坏严重、结焦严重、管道堵塞等问题,而且产品质量差、催化剂更换频繁、成本高。劣质残渣油还可作为化工原料,如用作常减压蒸馏强化剂、道路沥青调合组分以及生产针状焦、生产炭黑、气化制氢等,应用非常广泛,但大多数处于实验阶段,工业应用需进一步研究。劣质残渣油热解气化技术具有原料适应性强、产品质量好等特点,对于解决炼厂劣质残渣油的出路问题极具潜力,应用前景广泛,目前正处于实验研究阶段。The processing of heavier and lower-quality crude oil has resulted in an increase in the output of low-quality residual oil.Such oil is currently primarily used as a blending component for fuel oils or as a heavy fuel oil.The economic benefits and energy efficiency of these applications are very low and thus it is an urgent task to find high-value methods for processing and using such oil.Low-quality residual oil can be processed using conventional technologies such as delayed coking,residue hydrogenation or residue gasification.However,as such oil contains high contents of impurities such as heavy metals and ashes,using conventional methods will produce many problems such as serious damage of processing units,serious coke deposition and pipe clogging.The quality of the products produced using these methods is also unsatisfactory,the catalyst must be replaced frequently and the cost involved is high.Low-quality residual oil can also be used a chemical material,such as enhancer in atmospheric and vacuum distillation,blending component for road asphalt and a feedstock in the production of needle coke,carbon black and hydrogen.Although the oil can be used widely,most of the applications are still in the experimental stage and further study is needed to bring it to industrial application.Pyrolysis gasification is a very promising potential solution to digesting low-quality residual oil as this technology has many advantages such as strong material applicability and good product quality.With solid application prospects,this technology is also in the experimental research stage at this moment.

关 键 词：劣质残渣油 能量利用效率 延迟焦化 渣油加氢 渣油气化 化工原料 热解气化 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]