熔融法在催化剂制备中的应用技术进展  

Advances in Application of Melting Method in Catalyst Production

作　　者：史建公[1] 刘志坚[2] 郑建坡 张毅[1] 张敏宏[1] 赵桂良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化催化剂北京燕山分公司,北京102400 [2]中国石化催化剂分公司,北京100029

出　　处：《中外能源》2012年第3期74-81,共8页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：中国石化催化剂分公司科研项目资金支持

摘　　要：借助高温条件,使金属或金属氧化物熔融成为均匀分布的混合物,以形成合金固溶体,甚至形成氧化物固溶体,冷却后粉碎或再进行其他处理来制备催化剂的过程称为熔融法。熔融法通常用于制备骨架金属催化剂和熔铁催化剂。骨架金属催化剂的制备包括合金的制备、合金的展开、活化和储存等过程。本文综述了熔融法在骨架镍、骨架铜、骨架钴催化剂及熔铁催化剂制备中应用和新进展,尤其综述了熔融-淬冷、熔融-多级雾化、熔融-超声雾化新工艺在制备骨架金属催化剂中的应用,介绍了在骨架金属催化剂中添加微量其他元素的作用原理。骨架镍催化剂主要用于加氢反应,骨架铜催化剂主要用于脱氢、水合、氧化脱卤、脱硫反应,骨架钴催化剂主要用于加氢和费托合成反应,熔铁催化剂主要用于合成氨和费托合成反应。指出熔融法虽然能耗高,但在骨架金属催化剂和熔铁催化剂的制备中具有不可替代的作用。近年来,随着科技的进步,通过与其他方法的结合,熔融法也在不断发展和进步之中。The melting method is a catalyst preparation process in which metal or metal oxides are melt to a homogeneous mixture at high temperatures to form a solid alloy solution or even a solid oxide solution before being smashed or treated in other ways after cooling.This method is usually used to make skeleton metal catalysts and molten iron catalysts.The preparation of a skeleton metal catalyst involves the preparation,spreading,activation and storage of alloys.This article describes the application of the melting method in the production of skeleton nickel,skeleton copper,skeleton cobalt and molten iron catalysts as well as the advances in the technology,with the emphasis on the application of new technologies such as melting-quenching,melting-multistage atomization and melting-ultrasonic atomization in the production of skeleton metal catalysts.It also describes the roles of the traces of elements added in skeleton metal catalysts.Skeleton nickel catalysts are primarily used in hydrogenation reactors.Skeleton copper catalysts are primarily used in dehydrogenation,hydration,oxidation dehalogenation and desulfurization reactions.Skeleton cobalt catalysts are mainly used in hydrogenation and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions and molten iron catalysts are primarily used in synthetic ammonia and Fischer-Tropsch synthetic reactions.Despite its high energy consumption levels,the melting method plays an irreplaceable role in the preparation of skeleton metal catalysts and molten iron catalysts.In recent years,as technology advances,through the combination with other methods,the melting method is also evolving.

关 键 词：熔融法 催化剂 骨架镍 骨架铜 骨架钴 熔铁催化剂 

分 类 号：O643.36[理学—物理化学]