城市隧道施工诱发地面塌陷的预测模型  

Prediction Model for Ground Collapse Induced by Urban Tunnelling

作　　者：张成平[1] 王梦恕[1] 张顶立[1] 李倩倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学隧道及地下工程教育部工程研究中心,北京100044

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2012年第4期31-37,共7页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51008015);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2010CB732100);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8122034);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2012JBZ013)

摘　　要：以隧道上覆地层作为研究对象,基于突变理论,建立城市隧道施工诱发地面塌陷的预测模型,利用该模型可计算得到隧道上覆地层厚度的临界值,并将该临界值作为地面塌陷发生与否的判据。分析预测模型可知影响地面塌陷的因素主要包括:隧道上覆地层厚度及物理力学性质、地下水位、隧道开挖跨度和无支护空间长度等。一般情况下,隧道上覆地层厚度越小、地层物理力学性质越差、地下水位越浅、隧道跨度越大或无支护空间长度越长,越容易产生地面塌陷。因此,在城市隧道施工中,应尽量减小开挖跨度和无支护空间长度,或对隧道上覆地层进行有效地加固,以避免地面塌陷事故的发生。工程应用表明:理论预测结果和现场实测数据基本吻合,验证了地面塌陷预测模型的合理性。With the overlying strata of tunnel as the study object,a prediction model for ground collapse induced by urban tunnelling is established based on catastrophe theory.The critical thickness value of overlying strata of tunnel can be calculated by this model,and the critical value also can be taken as the criterion whether the ground collapse occurs or not.By analyzing prediction model,the main factors that induce ground collapse are the thickness,physical properties and mechanical properties of the overlying strata of tunnel,groundwater level,tunnel excavation span and space length without supporting,etc.Generally,the thinner the overlying strata are,the worse the physical and mechanical properties of overlying strata are,the shallower the groundwater level is,the greater the tunnel span is,the longer the space length without supporting is,the more easily the ground collapse occurs.Therefore,in order to avoid ground collapse accident,tunnel excavation span and space length without supporting should be shortened or the overlying strata of tunnel should be reinforced effectively during urban tunnelling.Engineering application shows that theoretical prediction results and field data are basically consistent,and the reasonableness of the prediction model for ground collapse is verified.

关 键 词：城市隧道 隧道上覆地层 地面塌陷 预测模型 影响因素 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]