饲粮粗蛋白质水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响  

Dietary Crude Protein Levels Affect Milk Production,Nitrogen Utilization and Blood Hormones of Chinese Holstein Dairy Cows

作　　者：王星凌[1] 刘春林 赵红波[1] 游伟[1] 成海建[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,济南250100 [2]山东科技大学电气信息系,济南250031

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2012年第4期669-680,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：山东省科技厅攻关项目(2008GG10009022);国际合作项目"日粮功能性氨基酸对原奶品质调控机理研究与开发";国家973计划项目(2011CB100805)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响。采用重复4×4拉丁方设计,8头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4个处理。4个处理的饲粮CP水平分别为12.56%、13.96%、15.53%和16.93%。试验分为4个周期,每个周期18 d。在4 d收集期内,全量收集粪、尿,每天测量产奶量、乳成分和干物质摄入量(DMI),并在收集期最后1 d采集血样。结果表明:4个饲粮处理的DMI基本相同(P>0.05);饲粮CP水平12.56%的产奶量和能量校正奶(ECM)明显低于饲粮CP水平13.96%至16.93%(P<0.05),饲粮CP水平13.96%至16.93%的产奶量和ECM基本相同,其中饲粮CP水平13.96%和16.93%的产奶量分别为28.18和28.72 kg/d,ECM分别为32.64和32.04 kg/d;乳成分中仅乳蛋白率随着饲粮CP水平增加而提高(P<0.05);饲粮CP水平12.56%和13.96%的乳氮效率明显高于饲粮CP水平15.53%和16.93%(P<0.05或P<0.01);随着饲粮CP水平的提高,尿氮排出量不断增加,乳氮排出量也缓慢上涨,体内氮沉积显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),只有饲粮CP水平16.93%的粪氮排出量明显增加(P<0.05);饲粮CP水平12.56%的血液瘦素浓度最高(P<0.05),催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、血糖、非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)和β-羟丁酸(BHBA)浓度较高;而饲粮CP水平16.93%的血浆尿素氮(PUN)浓度最高(P<0.01),胰岛素和GH浓度较高,IGF-1浓度较低。由此可见,饲粮CP水平13.96%适合中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量28 kg/d或ECM 32 kg/d的泌乳性能、氮利用和内分泌调节。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein levels on milk production,nitrogen utilization and blood hormones of Chinese Holstein dairy cows.Eight multiparous Chinese Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design and the crude protein(CP) levels of four diets were 12.56%,13.96%,15.53% and 16.93%,respectively.Each lactating cow had 4 experimental periods and each period had a 14-d adaptation,following by a 4-d total faecal and urine collection period.Milk yield,milk composition and dry matter intake(DMI) were measured in the 4 d.Blood samples were taken in the last day of the collection period.The results showed that milk and energy-corrected milk(ECM) production of cows fed 12.56% CP diet were much lower than those of cows fed the other three diets(P<0.05).Milk and ECM production of cows fed 13.96% CP diet and 16.93% CP diet were similar,and their milk production were 28.18 and 28.72 kg/d and ECM were 32.64 and 32.04 kg/d(P>0.05).Milk protein percentage was improved with dietary CP content increased(P<0.05),but the other milk components were not affected(P>0.05).Milk nitrogen efficiency of cows fed 12.56% CP diet and 13.96% CP diet was higher than that of cows fed 15.53% CP diet and 16.93% CP diet(P<0.05,P<0.01).The higher dietary CP levels increased urinary nitrogen excretion,milk nitrogen secretion and nitrogen retention(P<0.05,P<0.01),and only 16.93% CP diet increased fecal nitrogen excretion(P<0.05).The blood leptin concentration of 12.56% CP diet was highest(P<0.05),and 12.56% CP diet had higher concentrations of prolactin(PRL),growth hormone(GH),insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1),glucose,non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate(BHBA) numerically.On the contrary,the plasma urea nitrogen(PUN) concentration of 16.93% CP diet was the highest(P<0.01),and the concentrations of insulin,GH were increased and the IGF-1 concentration was decreased.It is concluded that the diet containing 13.96% CP is sufficient for the milk performance,nitrogen ut

关 键 词：粗蛋白质水平 奶牛 产奶性能 氮利用 血液激素 

分 类 号：S82[农业科学—畜牧学]