奶牛常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解规律  

Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Commonly Used Roughages for Dairy Cows

作　　者：夏科[1] 姚庆[1] 李富国[1] 李敏[1] 段春宇[1] 郗伟斌[2] 张永根[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]沈阳农业大学畜牧兽医学院,沈阳110886

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2012年第4期769-777,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：农业部现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系(nycytx0202);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-036-06)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究2种苜蓿[黑龙江公农1号苜蓿、美国安德森(Anderson)一级苜蓿]、黑龙江2种含杂量不同羊草(杂草率分别为10%、34%)、全株玉米青贮、玉米秸秆青贮和玉米秸秆共7种粗饲料的瘤胃降解特性。试验选用8头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法评定其干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的瘤胃降解率和有效降解率。结果表明,美国安德森一级苜蓿、全株玉米青贮和黑龙江公农1号苜蓿三者72 h DM降解率差异不显著(P>0.05),并显著高于其他4种粗饲料(P<0.05),而DM有效降解率以美国安德森一级苜蓿最高,并与依次降低的黑龙江公农1号苜蓿、全株玉米青贮和玉米秸秆青贮差异显著(P<0.05),羊草与玉米秸秆的DM有效降解率显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。72 h CP降解率及有效降解率以美国安德森一级苜蓿最高,且降解率与依次降低的黑龙江公农1号苜蓿、全株玉米青贮、玉米秸秆青贮、杂草率为10%的羊草、玉米秸秆和杂草率为34%的羊草间差异显著(P<0.05)。全株玉米青贮、玉米秸秆青贮72 h NDF降解率显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05);而有效降解率以2种苜蓿较高,其次为玉米秸秆青贮与全株玉米青贮;降解率和有效降解率最低的均为杂草率为34%的羊草。因此,从7种粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃的消化特性来看:1)美国安德森一级苜蓿营养价值最高,杂草率为34%的羊草与玉米秸秆营养价值较低;2)羊草的品质受杂草率的影响;3)青贮能改善玉米秸秆的品质。This trial was conducted to study the rumen degradation characteristics of seven types of roughages: two kinds of alfalfa(American Anderson level 1 alfalfa and Heilongjiang Gongnong No.1 alfalfa),two kinds of Leymus chinensis with different contents of weeds(10% or 34%),corn silage,corn stover silage and corn stover.Nylon-bag technique was used to evaluate the rumen degradation rates and effective degradabilities of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) of these roughages.The results showed as follows: DM degradation rates of American Anderson level 1 alfalfa,corn silage and Heilongjiang Gongnong No.1 alfalfa at 72 h were not significantly different(P>0.05),and were significantly higher than those of the other roughages.DM effective degradability of American Anderson level 1 alfalfa was significantly higher than that of Heilongjiang Gongnong No.1 alfalfa,corn silage and corn stover silage(P<0.05);Leymus chinensis and corn stover had the lower DM effective degradability than others(P<0.05).CP degradation rate and effective degradability of American Anderson level 1 alfalfa were the highest at 72 h among seven types of roughages,and the degradation rate was significantly higher than that of Heilongjiang Gongnong No.1 alfalfa,corn silage,corn stover silage,Leymus chinensis with 10% weeds,corn stover and Leymus chinensis with 34% weeds(P<0.05).NDF degradation rates of corn silage and corn stover silage at 72 h were significantly higher than those of the other roughages(P<0.05),but NDF effective degradabilities of two kinds of alfalfa were higher and followed by corn stover silage and corn silage;both NDF degradation rate and effective degradability of Leymus chinensis with 34% weeds were the lowest.In conclusion,for the degradation characteristics of seven types of roughages: 1) American Anderson level 1 alfalfa has the highest nutritional value,while Leymus chinensis with 34% weeds and corn stover have the lowest;2) the content of weeds affects the nutritional value of Leymus chinensis;3)

关 键 词：粗饲料 瘤胃降解 奶牛 

分 类 号：S82[农业科学—畜牧学]