饲养密度与饲粮能量水平对肉仔鸡生长性能及肉品质的影响  

Effects of Stocking Density and Dietary Energy Level on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broilers

作　　者：汤建平[1] 蔡辉益[1] 常文环[1] 刘国华[1] 张姝[1] 廖瑞波[1] 邓会玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2012年第2期239-251,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家肉鸡产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-42-G4-03)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲养密度与饲粮能量水平对肉仔鸡生长性能及其肉品质的影响,并探明饲养密度是否影响肉仔鸡的能量需要量。选用2周龄体重相近的爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡1 140只(公母各占1/2),采用3×4两因子完全随机试验设计,包括3个代谢能水平(12.33、12.75和13.17 MJ/kg)和4个饲养密度(10、16、22、28只/栏),随机分为12个处理,每个处理5个重复,设置60个相同的围栏,分栏饲养,围栏有效面积为1.5 m2。正试期28 d。结果表明:1)饲养密度和饲粮能量水平影响肉仔鸡的生长性能,但两者之间不存在交互作用(P>0.05);高密度饲养极显著限制肉仔鸡平均日采食量(P<0.01),导致平均日增重极显著降低(P<0.01),但不影响料重比(P>0.05);高能饲粮极显著降低肉仔鸡料重比(P<0.01),提高平均日增重和出栏体重(P<0.01);2)饲养密度对肉仔鸡胴体品质和肉品质影响较小,但饲粮不同能量水平可造成脂肪酸在体内沉积的差异,胸肌中多不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸含量随饲粮能量水平提高而显著增加(P<0.05);3)保持良好的饲养环境,饲养密度不会造成肉仔鸡明显的免疫应激差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲养密度和饲粮能量水平影响肉仔鸡生长性能,同时能量水平对肉品质造成较大影响。但在良好的饲养环境中,饲养密度并不影响肉仔鸡对能量的需要量,二者之间不存在交互作用。This study was to investigate the effects of stocking density and dietary energy level on growth performance and meat quality of Arbor Acres(AA) broilers,and the relationship between stocking density and energy requirements.A total of 1 140 broilers aged 2 weeks were randomly assigned to 12 groups with 5 replicates per group in a 3×4 completely randomized factorial design.Three dietary metabolizable energy levels were 12.33,12.75 and 13.17 MJ/kg,respectively.Four stocking densities were 10,16,22 and 28 birds per pen,respectively.And each pen was 1.5 m2.The experiment lasted for 28 d.The results showed as follows: 1) stocking density and dietary energy level affected the growth performance of boilers.But there was no interaction between the two factors(P>0.05).High stocking density significantly decreased average daily feed intake and average daily gain of broilers(P<0.01),but did not affect the feed to gain ratio(P>0.05).High metabolic energy significantly decreased the feed to gain ratio(P<0.01),and increased average daily gain and final body weight of broilers(P<0.01).2)Carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers were slightly affected by stocking density and dietary energy level.However,energy affected fatty acid composition in breast muscle of broilers(P<0.05).3)Under appropriate environment,stocking density did not cause the immune stress of broilers(P>0.05).In conclusion,stocking density and dietary energy level affect the growth performance of broilers,and dietary energy level has a significant effect on the meat quality.However,in appropriate environment,energy requirements for broilers are not affected by slightly higher stocking density,and there is no interaction between energy level and stocking density.

关 键 词：饲养密度 能量水平 肉仔鸡 生长性能 肉品质 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学]