美国《2011年货币汇率监督改革法案》评析——从货币操纵和出口补贴的角度  

Comments on Currency Exchange Oversight Reform Act of 2011——From the Perspective of Currency Misalignment and Export Subsidy

作　　者：李晓郛[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海200063

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第3期49-58,共10页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"全球治理框架下中美汇率争端的法律问题研究"(10CFX078)

摘　　要：美国对人民币汇率的指控可以分为国际金融法和国际贸易法的指控,两者关系密切。2011年10月美国参议院通过的《2011年货币汇率监督改革法案》再次体现了这一点。由于缺乏主观要素和统一的理论基础,法案中货币根本性偏差的标准不符合IMF的要求,不能据此认定人民币币值低估,更何况美国无权单方面决定他国汇率是否低估。由于不符合《SCM协定》,法案中通过货币根本性偏差认定出口产品获得补贴的条款不具有国际法依据。汇率问题属于政治性国际争端,中国政府应该从战略高度予以重视,多层次化解美国压力,双边磋商是首选。The U.S. allegations of the exchange rate of RMB came from the international financial law and the international trade law.The two laws were closely related.In October 2011,the United States Senate overwhelmingly approved Currency Exchange Oversight Reform Act of 2011.This act considers the use of currency fundamentally misalignment as the reason for US to penalty certain countries.Taking the issues of currency as means of trade should obey the rules of both IMF and WTO,which do not confer US to set up standards on currency valuation by itself.Under the rules of Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures,RMB rate should not be considered as subsidy for Chinese export products.The Chinese government should contempt the issue of currency exchange rate in strategy and insist on its own rights while the first resolution lies on WTO system.

关 键 词：操纵 补贴 约束 主权 磋商 

分 类 号：F832.6[经济管理—金融学] F752.62