论乡村祭祀演进为城市文艺的机制  

About the Mechanism of Urban Literature and Art’s Evolving from Rural Sacrifice

作　　者：田仲一成[1,2] 李莉薇 

机构地区：[1]日本东京大学 [2]东洋文库 [3]中山大学中文系 [4]华南师范大学外文学院

出　　处：《文化遗产》2010年第3期1-13,157,共14页Cultural Heritage

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目<中日韩非物质文化遗产保护的比较与研究>(项目编号:2009JJD850004)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：城市文艺很多时候不仅仅起源于乡村祭祀,而且因为中国的城市空间是在与周边农村的相互关系中形成的,所以城市文艺明显地残留有农村祭祀的要素。本文着眼于这点认识,认为祭祀向娱乐推移的艺术进化和农村向城市化推进的环境进化这两者相互作用,使乡村祭祀发展成为城市文艺。因此,可以把农村的城市化这一变化设为X轴(纵轴,从下向上),祭祀的文艺化这一变化设为Y轴(横轴、从左向右)得出四个象限,逐个分析各个象限中的文艺形式的城市化和文艺化的强弱特征、彼此之间的转化关系。并按照这个思路以香港粤剧的地域分布为例,说明"城市文艺"(近世戏曲小说)不是孤立的存在,而是在"乡村文艺"、"市镇文艺"、"宗族文艺"的相互较量中共时共存,相互影响,最终归结于城市文艺的形式。Urban literature and art usually originates in rural sacrifice. Since the urban space of China forms in the interaction with peripheral countryside, the key elements of rural sacrifice remain in the urban literature and art. This paper deems that the evolution from sacrifice to entertainment interacts with the environment evolution from countryside to city, which makes the rural sacrifice become urban literature and art. Therefore, the urbanization could be set X-axis(vertical axis, from bottom to top), and the evolution from sacrifice to entertainment could be set Y-axis (chorizontal axis, from left to right), and there are four quadrants. Then, the strength characteristics of the urbanization of literature and art forms and literal evolution in the four quadrants, as well as their transforming relationship could be studied. Furthermore, the author takes Hongkong Cantonese Opera as an instance, and demonstrates that 'urban literature and art'(modern dramas and novels) does not exist in isolation, but co-exists with 'rural literature and art','town literature and art' and 'clan literature and art' through competition, and ultimately they eventuate in the forms of urban literature and art.

关 键 词：乡村文艺 市镇文艺 宗族文艺 城市文艺 农村化 都市化 祭祀性 文艺性 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]