Diet of Great Knots (Calidris tenuirostris) during spring stopover at Chongming Dongtan,China  

春季迁徙停歇期大滨鹬在中国崇明东滩的食物分析(英文)

作　　者：张璇[1] 华宁[1] 马强 薛文杰 冯雪松 吴巍 汤臣栋 马志军[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室长江河口湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站,上海200433 [2]崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区,上海崇明202183

出　　处：《Chinese Birds》2011年第1期27-32,共6页中国鸟类（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30670269,31071939)

摘　　要：Variable and unpredictable food resources at stopover sites bring severe challenges to migrating shorebirds. Opportunistic foraging strategies, referring to shorebirds consuming prey in proportion to their availability, allow shorebirds to replenish fuel and nutrient reserves efficiently for continuing their migration. Chongming Dongtan, located in the Yangtze River estuary of eastern China, is the first major stopover site of shorebirds on the Chinese mainland during their northward migration. We investigated the diet of Great Knots (Calidris tenuirostris) at Chongming Dongtan during the spring stopovers of 2009 and 2010 through benthos sampling and dropping analysis. The benthos samples were categorized into gastropods, bivalves, polychaetes, crustaceans and insect larvae. Dropping analysis indicated that gastropods and bivalves constituted more than 70% of the diet of the Great Knot, with Assiminea violacea and Corbicula fluminea being the most frequently consumed. Chi-square tests indicated that for each prey category, there was no significant difference between the frequency of its occurrence in the benthos samples and dropping samples during the early stopover periods of 2009 and 2010 and during the late stopover periods of 2010. Although there was a statistically significant difference between the frequency of occurrence of prey in the total macrobenthos and in the droppings of the Great Knots during the late stopover period in 2009, the more abundant prey were more frequently consumed by the Great Knots. This suggests that Great Knots adopted an opportunistic foraging strategy during their stopover at Chongming Dongtan.迁徙停歇地多变而难以预测的食物资源给鸻鹬类的觅食活动带来了严峻挑战。机会主义觅食策略,即鸻鹬类摄取食物的比例与食物可利用性的高低相一致,可以使鸻鹬类高效地补充能量和营养物,尽快为下一阶段的迁徙活动做好准备。崇明东滩位于中国东部的长江口,该区域是鸻鹬类北迁途中在中国大陆的第一个重要迁徙停歇地。通过底栖动物调查和粪便分析,我们在2009年和2010年春季对大滨鹬(Calidris tenuirostris)在崇明东滩停歇期的食物进行了研究。在大滨鹬的觅食地,底栖动物有腹足类、双壳类、多毛类、甲壳类和昆虫幼虫5类。粪便分析表明,腹足类和双壳类占大滨鹬食物组成的70%以上,其中堇拟沼螺(Assiminea violacea)和河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)是出现频次最高的底栖动物种类。χ2分析显示,除2009年后期之外,在其他的停歇期,每种食物在粪便中出现的频次和在底栖动物中所占的比例之间没有显著差异。尽管在2009年后期,每种食物在粪便中出现的频次与在底栖动物中所占的比例在统计学上具有显著差异,但是大滨鹬依然更多地摄取丰度较高的食物。这暗示着大滨鹬在崇明东滩采取的是机会主义觅食策略。

关 键 词：Calidris tenuirostris Chongming Dongtan DIET foraging strategy Great Knot 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]