红壤连作花生不同生育期根际微生物区系变化研究  

Studies on microbial population dynamics in rhizospheres of the continous cropping peanuts in red soil at different growth periods

作　　者：王小兵[1,2] 骆永明[2,3] 刘五星[2] 李振高[2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2011年第4期23-27,38,共6页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(40432005);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-G-053-3);江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2011360)

摘　　要：通过平板计数法及变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析法对红壤旱地12年长期连作花生不同生育期根际微生物区系进行研究。结果表明:同一生育期内,随着生育期的进程各处理微生物数量逐渐增加,有机肥处理(M)、有机肥+有效菌剂处理(BM)的细菌、放线菌数量显著高于化肥处理(F),真菌数量显著低于化肥处理。通过对PCR-DGGE图谱的研究,各施肥处理连作花生根际微生物区系结构趋于单一,主要以鞘胺醇单胞菌属为主,青枯菌量增加,土壤微生物区系变劣。由DGGE图谱聚类分析和群落多样性分析进一步可知,有机肥处理、有机肥+有效菌剂处理的丰富度指数及香农-威纳指数均大于施用化肥处理,施用有机肥添加有效菌剂有利于改善连作花生根际土壤微生物群落多样性。综合而言,土壤微生物区系失衡,土传病害病原菌增加可能是导致花生连作障碍的主要因子。The microbial population dynamics in the rhizospheres of continous cropping peanuts was studied by the plate counting method and DGGE.The results showed that the numbers of bacteria,actinomycete and fungus significantly increased in peanut continuous cropping soil with long-term fertilization.The numbers of bacteria and actinomycete in M(pig manure) and BM(pig manure with effective microorganisms) were significantly higher than those in F(chemical fertilizer),but the numbers of fungus were less in M and BM than in F.PCR-DGGE analysis indicated that the microbial biodiversity decreased in continuous different fertilization treatments,the dominant species was Sphingomonas sp,and the number of R.solanacearum increased.The Shannon Index and the Richness of M and BM were higer than F,Compared with F,BM could improve the microbial community diversity in the rhizospheres of continous cropping peanuts.Soil microflora unbalance and increasing soil borne-desease pathogens were two main factors of the peanut continuous cropping obstacle in red soil.

关 键 词：红壤 连作花生 生育期 根际微生物区系 DGGE 

分 类 号：S56[农业科学—作物学]