智力的遗传基础及其研究方法  

From Genes to Cognition: Genetic Approaches in Researches on Intelligence

作　　者：童一 甄宗雷[1] 卜勇 刘嘉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京师范大学,北京100875 [2]中国科学院研究生院

出　　处：《前沿科学》2008年第2期34-41,共8页Frontier Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委杰出青年科学基金(30325025);科技部973计划前期研究专项(2007CB516703)资助

摘　　要：智力是人们生活中最为重要的能力之一,也是人们关注的焦点,从古至今人类从未停止对智力的研究。大量研究表明,智力是由遗传因素和环境因素共同决定的。近年来新兴的分子遗传学技术和功能脑成像等技术,为探索智力的遗传基础提供了有力的工具。使用这些技术,可定量研究遗传对智力的影响,探索遗传影响智力的潜在神经机制,揭开智力的基因编码,从而为人类更好的发展、利用自己的智力提供新的可能。行为遗传学、行为基因组学和影像遗传学研究分别从宏观、微观和中间三个层次为揭开智力的遗传基础提供了信息。研究结果表明,存在一组特定基因与智力具有显著关联,它们通过影响多个脑区的结构和功能,进而共同作用于各个认知过程来影响智力。通过总结和回顾已有研究,可以为研究知觉、注意、人格等其他认知功能的遗传基础提供到借鉴作用,并能够为社会经济等领域提供一些指导性意见。Researchers have reached a consensus that intelligence is modulated by both nature and nurture. In particular, following the tradition that can trace back to the dawn of psychology, recent studies on the genetic modulation have poured forth flames with the two newlydeveloped and most exciting techniques in life science: molecular genetics and functional neuroimaging. Here we will review researches that endeavor to locate genes specific to intelligence and characterize their mechanisms from three independent yet slightly mingled approaches: behavior genetics, behavior genomics and imaging genomics. Results have shown that there is a group of genes significantly related to intelligence, which can influence intelligence through various brain areas and cognitive processes. Through the review of the genetic researches on intelligence, we propose that similar approaches can be used to exam the genetic origins of other cognitive abilities, such as perception, attention, personality and even decisionmaking in politics and economics.

关 键 词：行为遗传学 行为基因组学 影像遗传学 智力 

分 类 号：Q987[生物学—遗传学]