我国海相碳酸盐岩层系石油地质基本特征及含油气远景  

Petroliferous Features of Marine Carbonate Strata and Hydrocarbon Resource Prospects in China

作　　者：金之钧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《前沿科学》2010年第1期11-23,共13页Frontier Science

摘　　要：中国海相碳酸盐岩层系经历了三大沉积构造演化阶段:早古生代海相碳酸盐岩层系演化阶段,晚古生代海相及海陆过渡相演化阶段,中新生代海相碳酸盐岩层系改造阶段。三大阶段造就了中国海相碳酸盐岩层系具有上、下油气组合。与国外海相沉积盆地和国内陆相沉积盆地相比,我国海相碳酸盐岩层系具有形成时间早,热演化程度高,经历了长期演化和复杂的生烃与成藏过程,勘探目的层埋藏深等特点。海相碳酸盐岩层系油气富集明显受控于以下几个方面:有效烃源岩发育与空间分布;优质盖层的发育与分布,尤其是膏盐岩的分布;有利储集相带发育与分布。同时,我国大中型海相碳酸盐岩层系油气田往往发育于沉积盆地古隆起、古斜坡及构造活动枢纽部位。目前我国大中型油气田的勘探前景主要应聚焦在海相碳酸盐岩层系发育的塔里木盆地、四川盆地及周缘、鄂尔多斯盆地。中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气资源丰富,具备形成大中型油气田的物质基础,在保存条件良好和有利油气聚集的部位仍可发现大规模的油气田,勘探潜力巨大。The Chinese marine carbonate strata underwent the triple sedimentary-structural phases as follows:Eopaleozoic marine carbonate formation,Neopaleozoic marinetransitional formation,and MesoCenozoic marine carbonate reconstruction. These triple cycles leaded to the upper and lower oil and gas system assemblages in the Chinese marine carbonate strata. In comparision with oversea marine and intracontinental sedimentary basins,Chinese marine carbonate strata are characterized by early sedimentary formation,old strata,long term and complex hydrocarbon generation process for the marine source rocks with high thermal maturity,deep buried reservoirs as exploration targets,etc. The huge accumulation of marine hydrocarbons was obviously constrained by develop ment and spatial distribution of effective source rocks,growth and distribution of high-quality cap rocks (especially gypsum and salt),and favorable reservoir facies. The large size marine oil and gas fields in China were mostly concentrated in the sedimentary palaeohighs,palaeoslope and structural hinge zone. Recently,for discovery of large size oil and gas fields in marine carbonate strata,attention should be paid to basins of Tarim,Sichuan and its surrounding,and Ordos,which are the favorable exploration forefronts in China. Abundance of oil and gas resource in Chinese marine carbonate strata have made a great contribution to the formation of large/middle size oil and gas fields. Therefore,the large size oil and gas pools in the marine carbonate strata with magnificent exploration potential will be discovered in the places with well preserved conditions and favorable accumulations.

关 键 词：海相 碳酸盐岩层系 源岩 盖层 斜坡 枢纽带 油气远景 勘探潜力 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]