超光速实验的一个新方案  

A New Scheme for the Faster-than-Light Experiments

作　　者：黄志洵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学信息工程学院,北京100024

出　　处：《前沿科学》2010年第3期41-62,共22页Frontier Science

摘　　要：Einstein的理论并非神圣不可侵犯,超光速将开启新物理学的大门,而自1955年以来一系列理论与实验研究企图发现超光速现象,多个实验显示超光速是可能的。本文在回顾1955年至2009年的研究后,得到"超光速是可实现的科学陈述"的结论。因此,狭义相对论关于"没有可以超光速行进的事物"的说法归于无效。飞出太阳系是人类长久以来的理想,飞行速度最好达到光速或超光速。当然这很难做到,但也不是绝对不可能。1947年超声速飞机试飞成功突破了"声障"一事已成历史,而可压缩流力学似可用到超光速研究中来,即以空气动力学成就作为突破"光障"的参考。从理论上讲研究"量子超光速性"是很重要的,具体包含两个方面:量子隧穿及量子纠缠态,它们分别对应小超光速(v/c<5)和大超光速(v/c>104)。现时的超光速研究可考虑用圆截面截止波导(WBCO)来改造直线加速器,再检验电子的运动;亦即用量子隧穿以实现超光速,而在经过势垒之后波和粒子的能量减弱。这与突破声障的情况(例如Laval管)相似。为了研究飞船以超光速作宇宙航行的可能性,必须尝试使中性粒子(中子、原子)加速运动并达到高速。然而现实是不存在中子加速器,因此发现以超光速运动的电子(奇异电子)是科学家不妨一试的实验课题。从波动力学和波粒二象性的观点看,"群速超光速"在实验中取得了广泛的成功,预示着粒子形态的电子以超光速运动的可能性存在。但后者与前者一样必然是"小超光速"。这正好体现了电磁作用的传递速度(电磁波本征速度)仅为光速的事实,亦即无论波动或粒子的运动都只能在特殊条件下比光速c稍快。Now we know nothing is sacred,not even Einstein.Study on faster-than-light would open the gateway to new physics,and after 1955 a series of theoretical study and experiments were done in order to discover the phenomenon of faster-than-light(superluminality).Much experimental evidence of superluminal behavior is now available.In this paper,after reviewing the researches of 1955~2009,it can be concluded that the faster-than-light is a realizable scientific statement.So,the assumption of Special Relativity(nothing can travel faster than the speed of light) is flawed.To fly out of the solar system has long been the ideal of humanity.We hope the speed of travel has to be increased to the velocity of light,and if possible,we hope the travel is faster-than-light.It is very difficult,but it is not impossible for us to accomplish this task absolutely.In 1947,the supersonic airplane test flight to be a success,it was the history of break to the sound-barrier.The results of the compressible-fluid mechanics can be used to the faster-than-light research,the developments of the aerodynamics will give good references for break through the light-barrier.From the theoretical point of view,it is very important to study the 'quantum superluminality',such as the quantum tunneling and the quantum entangled state.It contains two situations:small superluminality(v/c<5) and large superluminality(v/c>104).Now in order to exceed the speed of light,we will consider to check the accelerator,using the circular waveguide below-cutoff(WBCO),to examine the motion of electrons;i.e.we put forward to using the effect of quantum tunneling to realize the superluminality,the particle-wave loses energy to accelerates after throught the potential barrier.Then,it is similar to the break-through sound-barrier,such as the Laval tube.In order to study the possibility of faster-than-light traveling using a space-craft in universe,we must try to make the neutro-particles(neutrons,atoms) accelerated motion as fast as possible.But the neutronaccelerator is an

关 键 词：超声速 超光速 量子超光速性 直线加速器 截止波导 奇异电子 

分 类 号：O412.1[理学—理论物理]