最大日负荷总量计划在非点源污染控制管理中的应用  

Application of total maximum daily load (TMDL) program to control of non-point source pollution

作　　者：梁博[1] 王晓燕[1] 曹利平[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院

出　　处：《水资源保护》2004年第4期37-41,共5页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：北京市科技新星计划(953810300);教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划(518)

摘　　要：概述了美国环保局提出的最大日负荷总量(TMDL)计划的背景、发展进程、组成框架,介绍了TMDL计划的主要内容、如何确定水质关键管理区,以及TMDL计划中评价污染源并估算污染负荷容量的方法。最后对我国非点源污染控制管理提出建议:分地区、分重点、分阶段地实施开发TMDL计划,注意开发简单、实用、经济的估算负荷量的模型与技术手段,在总量控制范围内,应保证TMDL计划与其他控制措施相结合,计划中应包括公众参与和评论等。A summary is made on the background, developing process, and structural frame of the TMDL program that is issued by U.S. EPA. The main content of the program, the method of how to confirm the key management area of water quality, and the ways of evaluation of pollution sources and estimation of the capacity of pollution loads in the program are introduced. Finally, some suggestions are made on the control and management of non-point source pollution in China, such as development and implementation of the TMDL program in stages with emphasis placed on different areas and some key points, development of a simple, practicable, and economical model and technical measures for evaluation of the capacity of pollution loads, and combination of the TMDL program with other measures for pollution control within the range of total amount pollutant control with public participation and comment included in the program.

关 键 词：非点源污染 负荷分配 污染控制管理 最大日负荷总量控制 美国 

分 类 号：X32.012[环境科学与工程—环境工程]