一起皮肤炭疽暴发疫情的病源追溯和流行特征分析  

Source tracing and epidemiological characteristics of a cutaneous anthrax outbreak

作　　者：秦怡[1] 赵卓[1] 刘大江[2] 张永刚[3] 张玉 董德重 张立田 游弋[1] 刘茹[1] 崔荣敏[3] 郭军巧[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心,沈阳110005 [2]鞍山市疾病预防控制中心,鞍山114000 [3]丹东市疾病预防控制中心,丹东118000 [4]海城市疾病预防控制中心,海城114200 [5]岫岩县疾病预防控制中心,岫岩114300 [6]东港市疾病预防控制中心,东港118300

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2012年第11期1148-1151,共4页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

摘　　要：目的通过对2011年发生在辽宁省的一起人间皮肤炭疽暴发疫情的流行病学调查,探讨炭疽疫情的流行特征和传播特点,为防控措施提供依据。方法采用现况调查方法,绘制传播链,分析致病因素。结果暴发疫情的流行期为23d,排查39 610人,医学观察158人,同源确诊病例33例,病例分布于12个自然村和2个管理区,男女发病比为5.6∶1,病例最小16岁,最大67岁,年龄分布集中在30～49岁之间,占78.7%,职业以农民为主,占84.8%,病例感染过程中可见清晰的传播链。结论本次暴发是一起有关联的、不同地点暴露引发的人间皮肤炭疽疫情,发病动物是人炭疽的主要传染源,屠宰病死家畜或接触病死畜肉是感染的主要原因,农民是炭疽感染的高危人群。This study aimed at investigating the epidemiological and transmission characteristics of a cutaneous anthrax outbreak among human beings in Liaoning Province in 2011,and providing scientific basis for prevention and control of cutaneous anthrax.A cross-sectional study was conducted after the outbreak to draw the chain of transmission,and risk factors of the cutaneous anthrax were analyzed.The results showed that the epidemic period of this outbreak was 23days;39 610persons were investigated,and 158persons were under medical observation.Thirty-three cases confirmed homologically were distributed in 12villages and 2administrative areas of 3counties;the male to female ratio was 5.6∶1.Ages of the cases ranged from 16to 67.Those aged between 30and 49accounted for 78.4%of the cases.It was suggested that farmers were the mainly affected group,accounting for 84.8%of the total cases.There was a clear transmission chain during the infection process.Results indicated that the cases of this outbreak of cutaneous anthrax were interrelated and caused by exposure at different locations.The infected animals were main sources of infection,and main cause of human anthrax infection was slaughtering infected or died animals or meat contacting,indicating that farmers were at high risk of anthrax infection in Liaoning Province.

关 键 词：皮肤炭疽 暴发 流行特征 现况研究 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学]