基因资源:从生物剽窃到公平获取与惠益分享——立法问题探讨  

Genetic Resources:from Bio-piracy to Fair Access and Benefit Sharing——A Legislative Perspective

作　　者：顾海波[1] 隋军[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学文法学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第5期443-448,共6页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

摘　　要：生物剽窃,损害了基因资源所属国及所有者的利益,也不利于生物多样性保护。为了防治生物剽窃,相关国际立法确认了基因资源的获取与惠益分享原则,这是进步,却也存在缺乏细化方案和具体执行机制等明显不足。完善国际立法的关键是赋予基因资源获取与惠益分享安排以较强的法律约束力。为此,基因资源丰富的国家一直进行不懈的抗争,并在相关国内立法上做出了努力。作为基因资源大国,中国应制定基因资源获取与惠益分享的专门法,并应适时修改保护生物资源的法律法规,在其中补充或增加与不同基因资源的特点相契合的获取和惠益分享法律条款,但应以公平与合理为限。Bio-piracy is harmful to the countries and owners of genetic resources,and goes against the protection of biological diversity.To avoid bio-piracy,the relevant international conventions have established the principles of access and benefit sharing of genetic resources.It is great progress;however,detailed plans and specified enforcement mechanisms are still to be developed.The key to improving the relevant international legislation is to make the principles of access and benefit sharing of genetic resources enforceable.For this purpose,countries of abundant genetic resources have been dealing with this issue and made great efforts in their domestic legislation.China,one of such countries,is supposed to attain the goal via special legislation of access and benefit sharing of genetic resources,and duly modify the domestic laws and regulations of biological resources protection by fairly and reasonably supplementing or adding special clauses of access and benefit sharing in unison with different characteristics of biological resources.

关 键 词：基因资源 生物剽窃 公平获取 惠益分享 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]