清末内蒙古西部地区的放垦及其对生态环境的影响  

ON THE LAND RECLAMATION IN THE WESTERN PART OF INNER MONGOLIA AT THE LAST STAGE OF THE QING DYNASTY AND ITS EFFECT ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

作　　者：赵之恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学历史系,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2004年第4期5-10,共6页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"近代内蒙古社会变革若干问题研究"(02JAZJD840008)成果之一;内蒙古教育厅重大科研项目"历史上各民族对北部边疆地区的开发与环境变迁研究"(ZD003)成果之一。

摘　　要：　鸦片战争后,清王朝在内忧外患的形势下,逐渐调整了对蒙政策。清末新政期间,禁垦蒙地政策被"放垦蒙地"所取代。放垦蒙地与新政的"裕度支"密切相关,它的推行是对内蒙古西部地区蒙汉各族人民的疯狂掠夺。清末对蒙地放垦开了不顾当地自然环境、大兴垦务的先例,后人纷纷效尤,超出了生态系统本身的调节能力,致使生态平衡遭到破坏。After the Opium Wars, the Qing Dynasty gradually revised the way to deal with Mongols under the pressure of domestic trouble and foreign invasion. The policy 'allowing to reclaim wasteland' took the place of that of forbidding to open up virgin soil during New Policies at the last stage of the Qing Dynasty. The land reclamation in the Western part of Inner Mongolia had much to do with the revenue of the New Polices. And pursuing this policy was tantamount to mad robbery. The land relamation in the Western part of Inner Mongolia showed no consideration for the local natural environment. Descendants knowingly followed the example of going in for large-scale land reclamation, exceeding the adjustable ability of ecological capacity and resulting in destroying the ecological balance.

关 键 词：清末新政 放垦蒙地 “裕度支” 生态平衡 

分 类 号：K254.2[历史地理—历史学]