国际热带气旋飞机观测综述  

Review on International Aircraft Reconnaissance of Tropical Cyclones

作　　者：钱传海[1,2] 李泽椿[2] 张福青[3] 端义宏[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [2]国家气象中心中国气象局,北京100081 [3]宾夕法尼亚州立大学

出　　处：《气象科技进展》2012年第6期6-16,共11页Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB421503);中国气象局台风预警工程项目-台风预报预警系统(2009-2012)

摘　　要：所谓热带气旋飞机观测,是指根据用户的请求,将机载观测平台在合适的时间派遣到合适的地点和高度用合适的仪器开展热带气旋相关要素的测量,将所获取的资料按相关格式进行编码并传送给用户。美国是世界上最早开展飓风飞机观测的国家,也是当今世界开展飓风飞机观测技术最成熟的国家,至今已有近70年历史。自2003年始我国台湾地区也启动了名为DOTSTAR的台风飞机观测研究计划,迄今已取得了非常令人鼓舞的成果。飞机观测资料在提升热带气旋结构及其变化认知、提高热带气旋路径和强度预报准确率等方面发挥了至关重要的作用,产生了显著的社会经济效益。本文通过介绍国际上热带气旋飞机观测的先进技术和经验,为中国大陆将来开展台风飞机观测提供可参考的经验和做法,从而为进一步提高我国台风路径、强度及风雨等预报准确率和防灾减灾成效奠定更坚实基础。Aircraft reconnaissance of tropical cyclones (TCs) is the concept of dispatching an aircraft with a meteorological sensor platform in the atmosphere at the right time, right place and right altitude, collecting the TC related data with right instruments, and relaying those data to the customer in a coded form. The first country over the whole world is the USA, whose air force flew into the eye of a TC in July 1943 and created a legacy shared by other reconnaissance crews for almost seven decades. Taiwan, China, also launched a new surveillance program of DOTSTAR starting from 2003, and got encouraging results for TC forecasts, based on the dropwindsonde data. The obtained data by flight operation and resultant research helped to increase an understanding of TC structure and structure change, motion, etc., and to improve the accuracy of TC track, intensity and rainfall forecasts, and have got remarkable social and economic benefits. This paper tries to introduce the advanced technologies and abundant achievements of international TC aircraft reconnaissance, hoping to provide useful reference to our future TC aircraft reconnaissance.

关 键 词：热带气旋 飞机观测 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]