魏晋南北朝汉字的特征及规律  

The Characteristics and Laws of the Chinese Characters in the Period of Wei,Jin,South and North Dynasties

作　　者：毛远明[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学汉语言文献研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第6期37-44,共8页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目"魏晋南北朝汉字史研究"(10YJA740072)

摘　　要：文章试图修正历史上对魏晋南北朝汉字的片面性、主观性消极评价,认为魏晋南北朝是汉字形体转变的重要阶段,隶书嬗变、楷书形成、行书伴随发展,构成其基本面貌,在汉字史上具有重要意义。并利用出土文献用字,归纳出该时期汉字的特征及规律:理性造字与非理性造字兼存,以保持理据为主流;渐变与定型共现,渐变过程复杂;趋简与增繁并行,以趋简为主;字体改变,文字结构遵从平衡原则;趋奇求异的心理支配和汉字线条艺术的审美倾向对文字的影响;以义会意造字方法占主导地位,假借衰落,楷书含隶韵,众体相杂等时代表征;文字符号具有系统性。The paper makes an attempt to correct the one-sided and subjective assessment on the Chinese characters in the period of Wei,Jin,South and North Dynasties in history,holding that Wei,Jin,South and North Dynasties is an important stage in the transition of Chinese characters.The transmutation of the official script,the formation of regular script,and the development of running script,constitute the basic feature of Chinese characters which is of important significance in the history of Chinese characters.It also sums up the characteristics and laws of the Chinese characters of the period with the words in unearthed documents:the rational and the irrational character creation coexist,with the maintenance of the rational as the mainstream;the gradual transition and the stereotypes co-occur,with the process of the gradual transition becoming complicated;simplification and complication parallel,with the former as the tendency;font changes,with character structure compling with the principle of balance;the psychological domination of pursuing the uniqueness and the aesthetic tendencies of the character line art influence the characters;the method of making a word by defined knowing occupy dominant position,and with the decline of Jiajie in word using,regular script containing LiYun,multi-font being mixed,all of which constitute the era characterization of Chinese characters in the period;the characters present systematicness.

关 键 词：汉字史 时代特征 规律 魏晋南北朝 

分 类 号：H12[语言文字—汉语]