婚俗视域下塔吉克女性社会角色的人类学考察  

Anthropological Study in Tajik's Social Role in the Perspective of Marriage Ritual

作　　者：刘明[1] 木克代斯.哈斯木 

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会学系,北京100084 [2]新疆师范大学学生工作处,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《新疆师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第5期32-42,118,共12页Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"帕米尔高原塔吉克族的迁徙与文化适应调查研究"(10CMZ013)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：文章主要围绕婚俗这一主题,通过婚姻观念、婚礼仪式、过程以及婚姻、家庭、社会等视角对中国塔吉克女性社会角色进行考察和研究。在婚姻观念里,塔吉克女性的婚姻观反对独身,存在早婚现象;在婚礼仪式前,塔吉克女性角色在订婚、提亲、定亲和送彩礼中均有所体现;在婚礼过程中,更是通过新郎迎亲、神圣的"尼卡"、哭嫁离娘、揭面纱等仪式反映塔吉克女性的社会身份;在婚姻视角中,塔吉克社会保有一夫一妻制的婚姻制度和严格的家长制;在家庭视角中,塔吉克女性地位的成因与传统文化、社会性别观、经济依附关系和教育弱化有密切关系。因此,在社会进程中,塔吉克女性自觉和塔吉克社会自觉是改善塔吉克女性地位的两条重要途径。The essay,centering on the topic of marriage ritual,makes a survey and analysis of social roles played by China's Tajik females in the multiple perspectives of marriage concept,wedding ritual and process,marriage,family and community.In their view about marriage,Tajik females are opposed to being single,with earlier marriage among them.Before wedding ceremony,their roles are more or less shown in engagement,proposal and betrothal gifts.In the process of wedding ceremony,Tajik female's social status is all the more reflected in groom's meeting a bride,sacred ceremony,a bride's leaving her mother with tears running and unwrapping wedding veil.In their mind about marriage,Tajik community retains monogamy system and rigid patriarch.In family perspective,Tajik social status is closely tied with traditional culture,social view of gender,economic dependence and under-education.Therefore,in social progress,Tajik females' consciousness and that of Tajik community are two major means for higher status of women.

关 键 词：婚俗 塔吉克族 女性 社会角色 人类学 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]