中国大陆杂色山雀遗传多样性  

Genetic Diversity of Parus varius in Mainland of China

作　　者：万冬梅[1] 鞠静[1] 蔡玥[1] 张雷[1] 李东来[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学生命科学院辽宁省动物资源与疫病防治重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110036

出　　处：《辽宁大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第3期249-259,共11页Journal of Liaoning University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31071927;30670288)

摘　　要：使用线粒体控制区(529bp)和核基因(9个微卫星位点)作为分子标记对杂色山雀(Parus varius)在中国大陆8个分布地的70个体进行遗传多样性研究.在所有样本线粒体控制区序列中共识别出10个单倍型,整体核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.00176;单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.533;平均核苷酸差异数(k)为0.892.在线粒体水平上,杂色山雀中国大陆种群处于线粒体DNA多态性较低的范围内,遗传多样性较低.微卫星数据显示,70个样本在9个微卫星位点上的多态信息含量(PIC)为0.305～0.863,平均多态信息含量为0.755±0.1720;8个分布地样本各自平均等位基因个数(K)在1.4±0.53～9.4±2.46之间,平均期望杂合度(He)在0.444±0.5270～0.808±0.1929之间,平均多态信息含量在0.167±0.1976～0.738±0.1634之间.在核基因水平上,杂色山雀中国大陆种群遗传信息丰富,遗传多样性较高.基于线粒体控制区序列构建的系统进化树显示中国大陆地区杂色山雀指名亚种8个分布地样本混杂在一起;样本间的遗传分化指数Fst为0.0119,基因交流值为3.82.样本中的大部分变异是来自种群内且这种变异达到遗传分化的显著性水平,显示了中国大陆杂色山雀指名亚种8个分布地样本为一个地理种群.错配分布图以及中性检验结果显示中国大陆杂色山雀在过去的发展历程中发生过扩张事件.对于中国大陆地区杂色山雀的保护,应该将其作为一个进化显著单元进行保护.The level of genetic diversity of special species is vital to its evolutionary potential and adaptation to environment change. To quantify the genetic diversity of Parus varius,w e examined variations in mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) control region ( 529 bp) in 70 individuals from 8 representative distributions throughout the species' range in China. In addition,all individuals w ere genotyped w ith 9 microsatellite loci. Ten haplotypes w ere defined by 14 variable sites w ith the mean haplotype diversity( Hd) of 0. 533 and nucleotide diversity( Pi) of 0. 001 76 in the 529 bp mtDNA control region. The mean haplotype diversity is betw een 0. 442 and 0. 733 among 8 distributions. Nucleotide diversity w as maximized in the Huanren population( 0. 002 16) and w as minimized in the Benxi,Dandong and Jian population( 0. 001 27) . Study of mitochondrial DNA( mtDNA) diversity revealed low levels of genetic variation in Parus varius. How ever,results from the nuclear loci w ere strikingly different than mtDNA results. The polymorphic information content( PIC) ranged from 0. 305 to 0. 863 and the mean polymorphic information content w as 0. 755 ± 0. 172 0. The average number of alleles( K ) ranged from 1. 4 ± 0. 53 to 9. 4 ± 2. 46,the average values of expected heterozyosity( He) ranged from 0. 444 ± 0. 527 0 to 0. 808 ± 0. 192 9, the average observed heterozygosity( Ho) ranged from 0. 444 ± 0. 527 0 to 0. 674 ± 0. 346 3 and the average polymorphic information content ranged from 0. 167 ± 0. 197 6 to 0. 738 ± 0. 163 4 among 8 distributions. The NJ and MP molecular phylogenetic trees constructed by the distances among different individuals w ere similar. The phylogenetic trees grouped eight populations into one geographic population. AMOVA revealed that most genetic variations w ere distributed w ithin populations. Genetic variations among populations w ere not statistically significant,indicating that the appropriate short-term management unit for Parus varius is at the level of the w hole population to strengthen th

关 键 词：杂色山雀 线粒体DNA(D-loop) 微卫星标记 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]