“火长”辨正  

An Argument and Correction for “Huozhang”

作　　者：刘义杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]海洋出版社,编审北京100081

出　　处：《海交史研究》2013年第1期56-78,共23页Journal of Maritime History Studies

摘　　要：火长是航海罗盘发明之后对掌握航海罗盘这一工具的专职人员的称谓,始于南宋中叶航海罗盘的成熟期。火长称谓的源起是航海罗盘脱胎于堪舆罗盘的缘故,与我国堪舆学说中的五行阴阳八卦理论有关。火长在海船上至少有一正一副的配备,还可按航行海区的情况配备多达8人的火长。火长不但向外传播导航技术,同时也通过聘请番火长学习天文导航技术。火长堪称航海文化中的一朵奇葩。Huozhang is the compass operator whose in charge of the marine compass since the compass was invented. The appellation of Huozhang dated back to the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty,when the marine compass was mature. The origin of this appellation was because the marine compass was derived from geomantic omen compass,and it was related to the principle of yin - yang and the five elements of geomantic omen. There were two Huozhang allocated on one ship,one principal and one deputy. According to the complexity of the maritime space,a fleet would equipped with up to eight Huozhang. Huozhang were not only responsible to spread navigation technology outward,but at the same time,they had to learn celestial navigation by hiring Fan Huozhang ( foreign navigators) . Huozhang is a miracle of navigation culture.

关 键 词：火长 指南针 堪舆罗盘 番火长 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] U676.2[历史地理—中国史]