全国极端最低气温时空分布特征研究  

Study on the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Extreme Low Temperature

作　　者：朱玲[1] 柳艳香[2] 龚强[1] 黄凤新[2] 兰海波[2] 晁华[1] 蔺娜[1] 王刚 尚敏帅[4] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳区域气候中心,沈阳110016 [2]中国气象局公共气象服务中心,北京100081 [3]辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,辽宁110016 [4]辽宁电力勘测设计院,辽宁110016

出　　处：《风能》2013年第9期74-78,共5页Wind Energy

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206054);分散式风电接入技术及工程示范项目共同资助

摘　　要：根据1961-2009年冬半年(11月—翌年3月)的气温定时观测资料,本文分析了我国极端低温的时空分布以及不同低温时段的变化特征。我国极端最低气温由南至北呈现明显的带状分布,近49年我国北方大范围区域极端低温低于-30℃,局部地区低于-45℃,极端低温的累积时间逐渐较少。近10年来,东北、新疆北部和青藏高原西部地区极端低温低于不同温度段(-30℃、-35℃,-40℃和-45℃)的累积时间基本大于100小时、50小时、10小时和1小时,大部分地区持续时间基本在4—5小时之间,气温的回升时间因地而异,新疆北部地区从低于-40℃回升至-35℃需要最长时间约6小时,回升至-30℃需要约40小时,从-35℃回升至-30℃需要50小时左右。According to the winter year(November to next March) timing observations of temperature from 1961 to 2009,this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of extreme low temperature(ELT) and variation characteristics of different low temperature periods.ELT showed obvious zonal distribution from south to north in China.In recent 49 years,ELT of a wide range of North region in China below-30℃,and the partial area is lower than-45 ℃.The accumulation time of ELT gradually diminished.In the past 10 years,the cumulative time of ELT which in Northeast China,the northern Xinjiang and the western region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau below 100,50.10 and 1 hours in different temperatures(-30 ℃,-35 ℃,-40 ℃ and-45 ℃).The duration in most areas is between 4 to 5 hours.The rise time of temperature is different,the northern Xinjiang from below-40℃ to-35 ℃ needs the longest time about 6 hours,back up to-30 ℃ about 40 hours,from-35 ℃ to-30 ℃ needs about 50 hours.

关 键 词：极端低温 不同低温时段 累积时间 最大持续时间 温度回升时间 

分 类 号：P468.021[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]