接近“环境正义”:域外经验与我国实践  

Access to Environmental Justice:Lessons from Abroad and Domestic Practice in China

作　　者：齐树洁[1,2] 程翔[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院 [2]司法改革研究中心 [3]荷兰莱顿大学法学院

出　　处：《南京大学法律评论》2009年第2期260-277,共18页Nanjing University Law Review

基　　金：2007年度国家社会科学基金项目“多元化纠纷解决机制与和谐社会的构建”系列成果之一,批准号:07BFX069

摘　　要：随着经济的发展,环境污染问题日益严重。作为污染的主要受害者,世界各国的公众采取各种法律和政治手段,为维护自己的环境权益进行了不懈的斗争,"环境正义"的概念在这样的背景下应运而生。接近"环境正义"的运动起源于美国,日本民众则通过一系列诉讼案件使环境问题更受政府的重视。在印度尼西亚、越南等发展中国家,接近"环境正义"的运动遭遇了一些问题,其中的体制性原因值得深思。近年来,我国政府越来越重视环境问题。目前,我国公众可以通过诉讼、行政处理与调解三条路径接近"环境正义"。但是,公众在接近"环境正义"的过程中也受到一些因素的羁绊,包括司法成本的高昂、行政资源的短缺等。从其他国家接近"环境正义"的经验中可以看出,接近"环境正义"是一项系统工程。只有法院、行政机关、中央和地方政府共同努力,方能使公众接近"环境正义"的道路更加平坦。Pollution deteriorates as economy grows.As the direct victims of pollution, citizens around the world have struggled for their environmental rights through all kinds of legal and political means.The concept of environmental justice emerged as a result of such struggle.Access to Environmental Justice Movement originated from the United States,at the same time,Japanese citizens drew government's attention to environmental problems by a series of environmental cases.In developing countries such as Indonesia and Vietnam,access to Environmental Justice Movement encountered several setbacks,the mechanical reasons behind this deserves consideration.In recent years,Chinese government has vowed to improve environmental situation.Presently,Chinese citizens are able to access to environmental justice through litigation,administrative means and mediation.In practice,some obstacles exist in these pathways,including high cost of litigation,shortage of administrative resources,etc.By analyzing the experience of Access to Environmental Justice in other countries,it can be concluded that access to Environmental Justice is a systematic project.The only way to facilitate citizens' access to Environmental Justice is the joint effort of courts,administrative agencies and governments of both central and local levels.

关 键 词：环境正义 公众 纠纷解决 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]