损害赔偿请求权的放弃与保险人的代位求偿权——以日本法的判例分析为中心  

The Abandon of the Right to Claim for Damages Compensation and the Insurer's Subrogation Right——Concentrating on Japanese Case Analysis

作　　者：岳卫[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院 [2]日本立命馆大学,法学博士。南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学法律评论》2009年第2期278-289,共12页Nanjing University Law Review

基　　金：南京大学"985工程"哲学社会科学创新基地特别项目"经济全球化与中日民商法互动关系"的研究成果之一

摘　　要：损害保险中,为防止被保险人的两重得利以及加害人因受害人加入保险这一偶然事实而得以免除自己的损害赔偿义务,各国《保险法》一般均规定保险人以所给付的保险金为限度当然取得被保险人对加害人的损害赔偿请求权。同时,若被害人放弃该权利的,保险人免除相应的保险金给付责任。但是,日本的货物运输实务中,货运方往往与托运方缔结有以托运方受领的保险金为限免除损害赔偿责任的协议,该协议的效力如何直接影响到保险人代位求偿权的行使。日本最高裁判所将其解释为托运方仅放弃了超过保险金金额部分的损害赔偿请求,保险人据此可以行使代位求偿权。但是,若保险人认识到被保险人的权利放弃行为并以此为前提缔结了保险契约,则加害人得以该免责协议对抗保险人。In injury insurance,in order to prevent the insured person from having double benefit and the injurer from releasing damage compensation when the victim has insured accidentally,the insurance law in almost every country set the clause that the insurer has the right to claim for damage limited to insurance money paid.At the same time,if the victim abandons the right,the insurer will be free to pay the insurance money.But,in Japanese freight practice,the shipper and the carrier always agree to the disclaimer contact limited to the shipper's insurance money.How does the contact affect the insurer's subrogation right? Japanese Supreme Court interpreted that the shipper merely abandons the right to claim for damage out of the insurance money,so the insurer has the subrogation right.However,if the insurer and the insured agree to the insurance contact based on the premise of recognizing that the insured person abandons his right,the injure person can be against the insurer base on the disclaimer agreement.

关 键 词：保险代位求偿权 损害赔偿请求权的放弃 

分 类 号：DD912.28[政治法律—法学] D931.3