越芒语声调的起源  

The Origin of Tones in Viet-Muong

作　　者：米歇尔.费奥里斯 高永奇[2] 

机构地区：[1]法国国家社会科学院 [2]苏州大学文学院

出　　处：《南开语言学刊》2005年第1期23-34,226,共13页Nankai Linguistics

摘　　要：越芒语可以分为前古越芒语和后古越芒语两个时期。由于受汉语的影响,前古越芒语有单音节和一个半音节两类。它们导致松紧的区别,这种松紧之别跟汉语的松紧不同,不是表现在元音高低上,而是根据韵尾的不同而导致有无声门收缩音出现。越芒语声调产生跟韵尾的不同有直接的关系。具体有两个阶段:第一阶段,收缩音韵尾-■变为高/曲折调,形成两调对立;第二阶段,喉擦音韵尾-h 的失落产生另一类高/曲折调,跟第一阶段的调型成三调对立系统。同时,辅音声母的浊音清化跟调的分化有联系。The author proposes a new hypothesis showing that the Vietnamese tone contrast,sac-nang vs ngang-huyen and its cognates in other VM languages,reflects an earlier tense vs lax contrast that results from the influence of the Chinese language during the Han times.This hypothesis leads us to divide PVM into an Early PVM,the stage just before the first Chinese influence,and a Late PVM, or traditional PVM,the direct ancestor of all VM languages.The first phase is the change of -? into a pitch/contour melody that contrasts with -in a two-tone system.The second phase is the loss of the laryngeal spirant -h,creating a third pitch/contour melody that contrasts with the two previous ones in a three-tone system.

关 键 词：古越芒语 声调 韵尾 声门收缩音 喉擦音韵尾 

分 类 号：H44[语言文字]