汉语藏语古元音三角韵字在苗瑶、侗台语言的对应  

The Old Chinese and Tibetan Words of the Vowel Triangle and Their Correspondence in the Miao-Yao and Kam-Tai Languages

作　　者：郑张尚芳 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,100732 [2]上海师范大学上海高校比较语言E-研究院,200234

出　　处：《南开语言学刊》2008年第1期1-5,164,共6页Nankai Linguistics

摘　　要：元音三角a、i、u是舌面元音的三个端点,可构成语言元音系统最基本的构架。由于藏文有较古的拼音记录,汉语上古音研究较成熟,我们可以通过参照汉藏古音的元音三角韵的同源字,来帮助判认苗瑶、侗台语言的古元音三角韵。事实上,上古汉语三端点a鱼部、i脂部、u幽部,在苗瑶语、侗台语都有很规则的对应。The triangle of vowels/a,i,u/,are the three corner stones of the dorsal vowels, which can constitute the most basic framework of a vowel system.The numerals in Classical Written Tibetan,‘four',‘two' and‘one',contain the vowel/i/;‘nine'and‘six' contain the vowel/u/;and 'five' and‘hundred' contain the vowel /a/.All this conforms to Old Chinese,which clearly proves the relatedness between Chinese and Tibetan.But if we want to reconstruct Old Tibetan from the current Tibetan dialects,we might not achieve our aim to reproduce their forms in CWT by means of the method of lowest common multiple.The Miao-Yao and Kam-Tai languages do not possess old written documents like that of Tibetan; and the reconstruction of their old phonology can solely rely on their dialects.Old Tibetan has ancient documents,while Old Chinese phonology has been studied fairly successfully. We can seek inspiration from the old Chinese and Tibetan words with a vowel triangle in the reconstruction of Old Miao-Yao in identifying its vowel triangle.

关 键 词：元音三角 汉语 藏语 苗瑶语 侗台语 构拟 

分 类 号：H111[语言文字—汉语] H2