货币理论的争论与解析  

Controversies and Explanations of Monetary Theory

作　　者：王璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济研究所

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2007年第1期113-146,共34页China Review of Political Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(项目批准号:05CJL001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在经济学说史上,货币问题的讨论经历了各种复杂争论。根据货币的性质及货币理论与价值理论相结合的分析线索,可以将西方货币理论在经济思想史中的争论划分为货币自然观、货币财富观(重商主义)、货币面纱观(古典与新古典的货币理论)、货币经济观(凯恩斯经济学、后凯恩斯学派、货币主义等),以及货币的宏微观结合(货币理论的新发展)等阶段。从根本上讲,这些争论囿于经济学一贯强调实物经济的两分法传统而无法触及货币理论的核心。相反,马克思经济学正是以劳动价值论为基础,在将价值理论与货币理论相结合中从货币的产生、货币的职能到货币的本质,逐步展示出一个以现实资本主义经济或市场经济关系为分析基础的内生货币理论。其中,由国民收入核算体系表明的所有统计量值都来自于资本主义经济关系,这种关系正是建立在以获取利润为目的的货币量值的成本收益计算基础上。由此表明,现代货币经济的本质是基于社会关系及其利益冲突之上的资本主义竞争与积累,这正是马克思货币理论的研究目的区别于其他货币理论的根本所在。In the history of economic thoughts, some discussions of monetary problems have experienced many complex controversies. According to the analysis clues of monetary nature and the union of monetary theory and value theory, we can divide monetary controversies in the history into several stages. Such as, monetary natural view, monetary wealth view (Mercantilism), monetary veil view (Classical and Neoclassical Monetary Theories), monetary economy view (Keynesian Economy, Post-Keynesian School and Monetarism), Macroscopic and microscopic union (Developments of Monetary Theory). Fundamentally said, these controversies have not touch the core of monetary theory because of the dichotomy. On the contrary, Marxian economics which based on the labor theory of value demonstrated an endogenous monetary theory that took the real capitalist economical relations as foundation during the union of value theory and monetary theory. In fact, all statistical values among it indicated by the system of national accounts came from the capitalist economical relations that based on the cost-income computation aims to obtain the profit calculated by money value. Therefore, it is capitalist competition and accumulation based on social relations and benefit conflicts that becomes the essence of modern monetary economy, which is the research goal of Marxian monetary theory distinguishes between other monetary theories bases.

关 键 词：马克思货币理论 货币财富观 资本主义竞争 资本主义经济关系 劳动价值论 新古典理论 后凯恩斯主义 价值理论 社会关系 货币数量论 

分 类 号：F820[经济管理—财政学]