人类文明的兴衰与资源利用方式的变革  

The Rise and Decline of Human Civilization and the Transformation of Resources Utilization

作　　者：钱俊生[1,2] 刘向群[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校,北京100091 [2]中国物资再生协会,北京100091

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2012年第S1期1-4,共4页China Population,Resources and Environment

摘　　要：纵观人类历史的发展可以发现,资源的利用方式是人类文明兴衰的决定性因素。原始文明(渔猎文明)的人类获取资源的方式是以采摘植物果实和猎杀动物为特征;农业文明的人类获取资源的方式是以载培植物和饲养动物为特征;工业文明的人类获取资源的方式是以开采矿山、挖掘地下资源为特征。据专采分析,世界上一些主要矿藏可供开采的年限:铜为53年,铅21年,锌23年,锡41年,镍79年,钴67年,钨42年,石油55年。可以说,本世纪内,全球将基本无矿、无油可采。在资源短缺已经威胁到人类生存的今天,发展以资源再生产业为主要特征的循环经济,将使人类进入一个生态文明的新时代。By surveying the development history of mankind,we can reach a conclusion:the pattern of resources utilization is a crucial factor in the rise and decline of human civilization.To get resources by picking fruits of the plant and hunting animals was the main feature of primitive civilization(fishing and hunting civilization).To get resources by cultivating plants and raising animals was the main feature of agricultural civilization.To get resources by exploiting mine and excavating underground resources was the main feature of industrial civilization.According to expert analysis,the mining life of main mineral resources on earth are;53 years for copper,21 years for lead,23 years for zinc,41 years for tin,79 years for nickel,67 years for cobalt,42 years for tungsten,and 55 years for petroleum. Aa a result,we may say that there will no mine and petroleum to exploit in this century.As the shortage of resources has endangered human existence,we have to develop the recycling economy characterized by reproducible resource industry which will lead humans to a new era of ecological civilization.

关 键 词：文明兴衰 矿物开采 资源再生 循环经济 

分 类 号：F113.3[经济管理—国际贸易]