北京的世界遗产资源管理研究  

A Study on Resource Management of World Heritage Sites in Beijing

作　　者：孙克勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2011年第S2期233-237,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目基金(项目批准号:09YJA630150);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(项目批准号:2011PY0159;2011PY0160;2011PY0216)

摘　　要：本文主要研究北京的六大世界文化遗产地的保护与管理,包括周口店北京人遗址、故富、长城、颐和园、天坛和明十三陵。周口店北京人遗址位于北京房山区的龙骨山,是一处世界着名的古人类遗址。这处遗址是从中更新世到旧石器时代史前亚洲大陆人类社会的一个杰出的例证。故宫(紫禁城)作为明清皇宫,代表了5个多世纪中国艺术和建筑的最高水平。长城是世界上最长的城墙,是古代中国杰出的防御体系。颐和园是世界最大的皇家园林之一,是中国景观园林设计中的杰作。天坛建于1420年,是皇帝用于祭天大典的祭坛,是一处庄严的古代祭祀建筑群。明十三陵位于北京昌平区境内的天寿山麓,是明朝(1368—1644)13位皇帝的陵墓群。这些世界遗产具有历史、文化和科学价值,代表了中国最具特色的一些文化遗产资源。然而,这些遗产地现在面临的主要威胁是缺乏综合的管理规划、修复原则、旅游压力、城市发展、自然灾害等。本文简述了北京的世界文化遗产特征,总结了这些遗产地的保护现状,指出存在的问题,提出保护对策用以保护这些遗产地突出普遍的价值,包括真实性和完整性,以促进世界遗产地的可持续发展。This paper focuses on the protection and management of six world cultural heritage sites in Beijing,including Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian,the Forbidden City(Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties),the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Temple of Heaven and the Ming Tombs.Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian is situated on the Dragon Bone Hill of Fangshan District of Beijing and it is a world famous palaeoanthropologcal site.The site is an outstanding example of the prehistorical human societies of the Asian continent from the Middle Pleistocene to the Palaeolithic Age.As the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties,the Forbidden City represents the highest standards of Chinese art and architecture over five centuries.The Great Wall is well known as the longest wall in the world and it is an outstanding defence system of ancient China.The Summer Palace is one of the largest Imperial Gardens in world and it is a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design.The Temple of Heaven,built in 1420 for emperors to worship Heaven,is a dignified complex of ancient sacrificial buildings.The Ming Tombs are located at the foot of Tianshou Mountain, Changping District of Beijing,which are the funeral sites of 13 emperors of the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).These world heritage properties are of historical,cultural and scientific values,which represent some of the most characteristic cultural heritage resources in China.However,these sites are now facing main threats,including the lack of overall management plan,restoration principle,tourism pressures,urban development and natural disasters.This paper gives an outline of characteristics of world cutural heritage sites in Beijing. The paper summarizes present states of conservation and points out existing problems,puts forward relevant protective strategies to protect the outstanding universal value,including authenticity and integrity of these sites so as to promote sustainable development of world heritage sites.

关 键 词：世界文化遗产 保护 管理 北京 

分 类 号：G127[文化科学]