国内外农田生态补偿的方式及其选择  

Choices on Farmland's Ecological Compensation Mode at Home and Abroad

作　　者：杨欣[1] 蔡银莺[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学土地管理学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2011年第S2期472-476,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自科基金项目(40901288);国家社科学基金项目(编号:09CJY021);教育部博士点新教师基金(编号:20090146120005);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(编号:2011PY008)

摘　　要：选择交易成本低、兼顾公平与效率又易于操作的补偿方式,实现农田生态产品的市场运作,不仅直接关乎生态补偿的效果,也是生态补偿机制能够成功实施的关键。本文尝试从权利取得、权利转移、权利弥补三个方面归纳梳理了生态补偿方式作为遏制农田生态功能恶化的一项政府管制措施,在国内外关的相关研究进展及实践情况。研究发现国外的生态补偿除农地外,在湿地、林地、生物多样性和自然资源保护方面均有涉及,补偿方式主要包括权利取得、权利转移和权利弥补。我国的生态补偿还处于起步阶段,目前实践的领域仅限于农业和林业用地,补偿的方式也主要集中在权利弥补这一方式上。当前在国家推进生态补偿机制实施的契机下,借鉴国外发展模式与经验,制定出适合我国政策背景和土地资源基本国情、兼顾公平和效率的农田生态补偿方式,有重要的理论及实践意义。Choosing a farmlands ecological compensation mode with low transaction cost,consideration to both fairness and efficiency and easy operation,and realizing the market operation of farmland ecological products,not only affect the effect of the ecological compensation, but also are the key to the successful implementation of ecological compensation mechanism.The purpose of the paper is to discuss the ecological compensation as command and control policy,which is an effective way to protect the environment,and reach re distribution of economic benefits of related stakeholders fairly,in the aspects of rights obtained,rights transfer and rights reparation. Methods employed are literature review and induction.This paper reviews the researches and practices of farmland's ecological compensation mode on several aspects,including rights obtained,rights transfer and rights reparation.The results reveals that most of the successful international cases are in the fields of ecological agriculture,wetland protection,ecological diversity,and natural resource conservation and so on,covering every aspect of the compensation mode.While in China,current research mainly focuses on farmland and forest, compensation modes are mainly concentrated on rights reparation.It is concluded that the works of overseas would be a good promotion for our development of the research works on ecological compensation modes.We should learn from the developed countries' successful modes and experiences,combing our policy context and basic land resources conditions,to reach the balance welfare equilibrium of related stakeholdersconstruct a fairness and efficiency farmland's ecological compensation mode.

关 键 词：农田 生态补偿方式 权利取得 权力转移 权利弥补 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F312[经济管理—产业经济]