三江源区生态移民的困境与可持续发展策略  

The Predicament of Ecological Migrants and Sustainable Development Strategy in the Source Area of Three Rivers

作　　者：周华坤[1] 赵新全[1] 张超远 邢小方 朱宝文 杜发春[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省科学技术厅,青海西宁810007 [3]青海省海北牧业气象试验站,青海西海810200 [4]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100001

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第S1期185-188,共4页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：中科院学部院士咨询评议项目<三江源国家生态保护综合试验区生态经济发展中的若干重大问题研究>(No.2009-0405-3);福特基金会项目<青海三江源地区生态移民的后续生计与政策导向研究>(批准号:1095-0151);中科院西部行动计划二期项目第二课题(批准号:KZCX2-XB2-06-02);国家科技支撑课题第一专题项目(批准号:2006BAC01A02-01)共同资助

摘　　要：文章在大量实地调研、政策研究和文献总结基础上,结合国内外有关三江源以及生态移民研究现状,分析了青海省三江源地区生态移民的特点和现状,指出了三江源地区生态移民面临的困难与存在的问题。认为移民文化素质普遍不高,生产、生活方式传统落后,后续产业培育效果不明显,生态移民技能培训滞后,迁入地小城镇基础设施薄弱,生态移民缺乏切实可行的政策支撑是三江源移民工程面临的主要问题与困难,并提出了相关建议和解决措施。认为只有加快小城镇建设的发展步伐,加强移民的后期扶持力度,多渠道、多形式培育后续产业,实现生态移民的顺利转产,大力发展特色产业,建立完善的多元化生态补偿机制,加大培训力度,构建一套适合于三江源区的特殊生态移民支持政策,加强宣传,建立新的生态移民管理机制,实现三江源区生态移民的可持续发展。Based on the field investigation,policy research and reference selection,the characteristics and the situation of ecological migrants were analyzed in the Source Area of Three Rivers,linked with the situation of the Source Area of Three Rivers and its ecological migrants.The paper also suggested the facing difficulty and standing problem of ecological migrants.There was without comprehensive and profound knowledge about the implement of ecological migration project in the Source Area of Three Rivers.Peasants and herdsmen are poorly educated with bad labor skills and narrow careers channel in the Source Area of Three Rivers.The traditional production and lifestyle of peasants and herdsmen are the difficulties of ecological migrants.There are following problems,week infrastructure in small towns of ingoing places,bad organization of social undertakings and social security system in small towns of ingoing places,slow development of downstream business,difficult immigrants livelihoods,not adequate technology training,and lack of deep-level skills training.Construction and development of small cities and towns must be accelerated and surplus-labor which comes from the changes of production and lifestyle must be received.Accelerating the construction of basic infrastructure,developing education,enhancing the holistic culture qualities of the migrants,training migrants' technique actively,and providing culture protection for the rapid diversion of migrants' surplus labor force are necessary.In order to help migrants pass through 'socialization process',the quantities and years of financial subsidy should be increased and prolonged.It is necessary to establish ecological compensation mechanism quickly.It is necessary to establish new ecological migrants management mechanism.

关 键 词：三江源 生态移民 可持续发展 生态畜牧业 后续产业 

分 类 号：D632.4[政治法律—政治学]