中国的能源经济形势、机遇挑战和政策建议  

Present Situation,Opportunities and Challenges,and Policy Implications for China's Energy Economy

作　　者：马恒运[1] 郭学先[2] 唐华仓[1] 刘旗[1] Les Oxley 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,河南郑州450002 [2]济南工程职业技术学院,山东济南250200 [3]新西兰坎特伯雷大学

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第S1期257-260,共4页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：河南省教育厅规划项目"河南省低碳经济发展若干重大问题研究"(No.2009-GH-045)

摘　　要：中国的能源消费增长快且增加基数大,以煤炭为主导致运输环境压力较大,石油资源匮乏、需求缺口大和进口依赖度高,使用效率低、消耗强度高、节能潜力大,出口增长拉动国内能源消耗增加。中国能源消费面临高速稳定的经济增长、不断提高的城市化水平、交通运输业飞速发展、能源体制改革的滞后、高能耗产品出口、能源使用效率低等的主要挑战。同时,中国能源供给有转变经济增长方式、开发新能源、改进能源勘探技术、充分利用丰富的劳动力资源,改革能源管理体制等机遇。中国能源经济研究主要集中在能源消费与经济增长关系,能源消费时间序列预测,能源消费强度指数分析等上。未来中国能源经济研究要以能源经济的制度创新、能源经济的技术创新、能源经济市场化发展、能源消费行为、能源和非能源要素替代等为重点。中国能源经济发展要以转变经济增长方式、提高能源效率为主,加强制度创新和技术创新,用市场经济手段引导能源消费行为。The features of China's energy economy are: rising energy consumption at a large base;coal used as staple primary energy;imbalanced coal distribution producing pressure on transportation and environment;scarcity of petroleum reserves with large shortage of demand and high trade dependence;low energy efficiency,high energy intensity and potential energy saving;rising exports increasing domestic energy consumption.The factors affecting energy demand mainly include stable economic growth,expanding urbanization,transportation development,stagnant energy reforms;energy-using product exports and low energy efficiency.The factors affecting energy supply mainly include exploring new energies,energy technique innovation,increasing energy sector investment,and reforming energy pricing and regulation systems.A review shows that the studies of China's energy economy are mainly focused on the co-integration between energy consumption and economic growth,energy consumption predictions,and statistical index analysis of energy intensity.Future studies of China's energy economy should be paid attention to the reforms and innovations of energy management and technology,energy market development,energy consumption behaviors,and energy factor substitution.Energy policy should be centered on increasing energy efficiency,strengthening institutional and technological innovations,and adjusting energy consumption behaviors using market signals.

关 键 词：中国 能源经济 机遇挑战 能源改革 

分 类 号：F206[经济管理—国民经济]