驾驶人所处环境照度对视认距离影响  

Impacts of Environmental Luminosity around Driver on Distance of Visual Cognition

作　　者：赵炜华[1] 王丽华[2] 叶飞[2] 刘浩学[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江交通职业技术学院运输管理学院,杭州311112 [2]长安大学汽车学院,西安710064

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2013年第6期11-16,22,共7页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：博士后科学基金项目(批准号:2012M521731);中央高校基本科研基金项目(批准号:CHD2011JC031);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:51178054)资助

摘　　要：为研究夜间行车中因驾驶人所处环境照度高于障碍物环境照度,导致驾驶人视认距离减小的定量变化规律,进行了实际道路试验。试验选择35名被试开展,障碍物分别为黑色和白色。考虑到行车速度特征,分别选择80km/h和100km/h速度下进行试验。在不同驾驶人所处环境照度条件下,进行障碍物视认距离标定试验。统计分析全部视认距离,分析不同颜色障碍物在不同条件下视认距离差异。利用回归分析方法,建立视认距离随驾驶人所处环境照度变化规律函数模型。结合汽车制动距离,分析不同照度条件下的允许极限速度。研究表明,随着驾驶人所处环境照度增加,视认距离缩短。进而导致允许反应时间缩短,必须控制车速在临界速度以下,才能避免碰撞发生。经验证表明,所建立函数模型能准确拟合其变化规律。在驾驶人遭遇上述照度光源时,必须降低行车速度,才能保证安全。When drivers drive at night,if environmental luminosity around drivers is higher than that of the obstacle,then the driver's distance of visual cognition decreases.In order to study this quantitative change rule,the actual road test was carried out.35subjects were selected to carry out the test and obstacles were respectively black and white.Considering the characteristics of driving speed,it selected the speed of 100km/h and 80km/h.Under the condition of different environmental luminosity around drivers,calibration experiment on distance of visual cognition was conducted. Through statistical analysis of all distance of visual cognition,the difference of distance of visual cognition between obstacles with different colors under different conditions was analyzed.Through using the method of regression analysis,the function model about the change rule of distance of visual cognition with environmental luminosity around drivers was established.Combined with the automobile braking distance,under the condition of different luminosity,allowed speed limit was analyzed.Studies show that with the increase of environmental luminosity around drivers,the distance of visual cognition would be shortened.And then it causes the allowed reaction time shortened.As a result,the speed must be controlled below the critical speed to avoid collision.Verified experiments show that the established function model could accurately fit the change rule.When a driver encounters the light source of the above luminosity,the speed must be reduced to ensure safety.

关 键 词：夜间 驾驶人 视认距离 照度 速度 

分 类 号：U491.254[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]