飞行(学)员人格因素与职业倦怠及工作压力相关研究  

Study on personality factors related to job burnout and stress in (student) pilots

作　　者：任慧峰[1] 彭飞[2] 王嫣嫣[2] 刘志文[1] 贾锐[1] 刘庆峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳军区兴城疗养院,辽宁省兴城市,125105 [2]空军航空医学研究所,北京,100142

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2013年第1期-,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划

摘　　要：目的 通过研究飞行(学)员群体人格因素与职业倦怠、工作压力的相关关系,为飞行职业应激干预提供指导. 方法 采用Maslach职业倦怠问卷通用版(Maslach burnout inventorygeneral survey,MBI-GS)、工作压力感问卷、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版、航空安全控制点问卷及坚韧人格问卷,调查飞行(学)员167人(歼击机飞行员67人,直升机飞行员37人、直升机学员44人和运输机飞行员19人).按飞行机种分为歼击机飞行员组、运输机飞行员组、直升机飞行员组和直升机学员组.利用SPSS 16.0统计软件,通过单因素方差分析比较不同组受试者的职业倦怠、工作压力感的特点.采用Pearson相关分析分析职业倦怠、工作压力感与人格特征之间的关系. 结果 本组问卷回收率100％,有效率100％.MBI-GS的内部一致性系数为0.710.职业倦怠情感耗竭和玩世不恭维度在4组受试之间存在差异(F=5.864、3.726,P＜0.01、0.05)；其与艾森克人格问卷内外向维度、与安全控制点总分、坚韧人格总分呈负相关(r=-0.380～-0.278,P＜0.01),与艾森克人格问卷神经质维度、安全控制点外控维度呈正相关(r=0.229～0.526,P＜0.01). 结论 人格因素对职业倦怠有预测作用,外控和情绪不稳定的飞行员职业倦怠感强,内控和人格坚韧的倦怠感低.航空安全控制点结果说明对安全控制感低的飞行(学)员职业倦怠感强,符合飞行工作是高度危险职业的特点.Objective To investigate the relationship between personality factors and job burnout and stress in military (student) pilots in order to suggest the intervention and the researches on job stress.Methods Totally 167 military pilots,who were divided into fighter pilot (67),helicopter pilot (37),transporter pilot (19) and helicopter student pilot (44) groups,were examined by Maslach burnout inventory (MBI-GS),job stress questionnaire (JSQ),revised Eysenck personality questionnaire-short scale for Chinese (EPQ-RS),hardy personality questionnaire (HPQ) and aviation safety locus of control scale (ASLOCS).One-way ANOVA analysis was used to test differences of job burnout and stress among groups and Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between personality factors and job burnout and stress.Results All questionnaires were available.The α coefficient of MBI-GS was 0.710 which was acceptable in psychometrics.One-way ANOVA analysis indicated that MBI-GS sub-dimension scores (exhaustion and cynicism) among different aircraft groups were significantly different to each other (F-5.864,3.726; P＜0.01,0.05).Exhaustion and cynicism negatively correlate (r=-0.380--0.278,P＜ 0.01) to EPQ extroversion,HPQ and ASLOCS total score respectively,and positively correlate (r=0.229-0.526,P＜0.01) to EPQ neuroticism score and external score of ASLOCS.Conclusions Personality factors may indicate (student) pilot's job burnout.External controlled and emitionally unstable pilots are prone to feel high level of job burnout and stress.Internal controlled and hardy individuals may feel less job stress.Such (student) pilots with insufficient safe controlled sense will have stronger burnout feeling and this is the feature of the people employed in high risk job like flying.

关 键 词：厌倦 职业性 疲劳 应激 心理学 工作负荷量 人格 问卷调查 

分 类 号：V[航空宇航科学技术]