Chomsky约束原则的内在性  

On Chomsky's Innateness of Binding Principles

作　　者：高华 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学外语系

出　　处：《现代外语》1998年第4期60+59+61-75,共17页Modern Foreign Languages

摘　　要：本文通过口头及书面问卷，调查了三个年龄段汉语本族语者有关汉语照应语“自己”和代名词“他”共指／不共指的照应知识。调查结果显示被调查者在判断共指／不共指关系时的确受到了约束原则及汉语相应参数值的制约。分析表明，问卷中调查对象所反映出来的语法知识非通过后天语言经验或先天的认知功能所能习得，只可能源于人类先天内在的语言能力。这样本文就提供了支持Ｃｈｏｍｓｋｙ关于约束理论具有先验内在普遍语法性的理论假设的经验性论据，同时提供了支持Ｗｅｘｌｅｒ＆Ｍａｎｚｉｎｉ约束理论管辖语域参数值确定方法的经验性直接论据。The present research investigates Chomsky's Innateness Hypothesis with respect to the syntactic area of Binding Theory. An experiment is conducted on 45 7 year old grade 1 primary school pupils, 45 13 year old grade 6 primary school pupils and 51 19 year old first year college students to check the innateness of Binding in native speakers of Chinese of different ages. The primary finding of the study is that native Chinese speakers, adults or children, have knowledge of Binding Principles, and their comprehension of anaphoric relations is generally constrained by Binding Principles and relevant parameter settings, though cases of underinterpretation and violation of BP also exist. The former mainly has to do with such facts that the long distance binder of the reflexive anaphor 自己is more marked than its local one, and that one of the allowed interpretations may be more prominent than another for semantic or pragmatic reasons. And as for the latter, such as cases of binding the reflexive to a non c commanding NP or binding the pronominal inside the local domain, though violating BP, they were so few as to be insignificant. Underinterpretations and errors that occurred and which violated BP were due not to lack of knowledge of principles, but to difficulty in applying the principles in the course of sentence comprehension. The difference in performances between the children and the adults lies mainly in the latter's more developed speech processing memory and general cognitive power. This study shows that such competence as is reflected by the native speakers of Chinese in the experiment cannot be learnt through instruction,or acquired from language input or by other mental faculties. It can only be an innate property of the human language faculty, one faculty of the mind. Thus the present paper provides empirical evidence for Chomsky's innateness of Binding Principles, and for Wexler & Manzini's parameterized governing category in Binding Theory as well.

关 键 词：约束原则 内在性假设 管辖语域参数 适当先行语参数 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]