中国早期铁器(公元前5世纪以前)的金相学研究  

An Metallographic Study on Early Iron Objects of China

作　　者：韩汝玢[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金与材料史研究所

出　　处：《文物》1998年第2期87-96,共10页Cultural Relics

摘　　要：北京科技大学(原北京钢铁学院)自1974年开始在柯俊教授(中国科学院院士,材料物理、技术科学史专家)领导下,与各省、市文物考古工作者密切协作,对许多墓葬和遗址出土铁器进行了金相学研究,对于判断和了解古代各时期钢铁冶炼技术是很有效的。研究表明,中国在17世纪以前,至少有10项钢铁技术居世界领先地位,对世界文明作出了重要贡献(表一)。随着我国田野考古工作的新进展,对于中国何时开始使用铁器,何时开始人工冶铁,早期铁器的冶金学特征等问题,金相学研究近年来有新的成果,值此《文物》月刊500期之际,特撰此文。Scientists of Beijing Science and Technique University began to cooperate with archae-ologists across the country in their metallographic research on unearthed iron objects. Ac-cording to their research,China had contributed at least ten most advanced iron and steeltechniques to the human civilization before the 17th century. The employment of meteoric iron in the production of the blade of bronze weaponsand tools appeared in the 14th century BC. Seven samples have been found so far. Over 130pieces of iron objects have unearthed from tombs and sites dated to the early WarringStates(prior to the 5th century BC). A metallographic study on early iron objects providesunique evidence to the development of ancient Chinese iron and steel techniques.

关 键 词：金相学 铁器文物 白口铁 公元前 出土 渗碳钢 早期 中国古代 夹杂物 金相组织 

分 类 号：K875[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]