论伊朗现代化的失误及其原因  

A Study of the Mistakes and Their Origins in Iranian Modernization

作　　者：钱乘旦[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史系

出　　处：《世界历史》1998年第3期28-39,128,共13页World History

摘　　要：论伊朗现代化的失误及其原因钱乘旦我对伊朗历史知之甚少，最近因做现代化研究，接触了一些伊朗历史，结果感触很深。伊朗在二战后制定了雄伟的现代化方案，曾取得惊人的成就。但倾刻之间，整个现代化计划与巴列维王朝都覆灭了，伊朗提供了现代化不成功的最典型例子。伊朗...AbstractThis article argues that from the very beginning of the Pahlavi modernization there existed potential crisis.After the failure of a popular revolution early this century to modernize Iran,the Pahlavi dynasty took over political power as well as the burden of Iranian modernization.As a ruling family coming from obscure background therefore without social basis,the Pahlavi dynasty inherited the despotic tradition of Iran politically but carried out a developmental policy economically.In order to strengthen the dynasty's position,the Pahlavis crushed down all secular forces while,not daring to touch it,kept the religious force intact thus left a space for it to emerge as a furious power pretender.By so doing,the Pahlavis lost all possible allies which were secular and supporting modernization but opened way for a religious enemy which was traditional and against modernization.When time came,this enemy took chance and overthrow the Pahlavi dynasty and put an end to its modernizational experiment.

关 键 词：伊朗现代化 巴列维王朝 伊朗人 民族主义 穆罕默德 传统主义 霍梅尼 国王 白色革命 议会 

分 类 号：K373.5[历史地理—历史学]