我国南方冰冻天气过程低空逆温层特征  

Characteristics of Low-Altitude Temperature Inversion Layer in Freezing Weather in Southern China

作　　者：张峻[1] 王海军[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省气象信息与技术保障中心,武汉430074

出　　处：《气象科技》2013年第1期103-107,145,共6页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"南方冰雪灾害天气成因研究"资助

摘　　要：利用我国南方地区7省12个探空站1960—1999年时段冬半年高空规定层、特性层资料,分析南方地区冬季低空逆温出现频率、强度、厚度等,对照历年"低温雨雪冰冻"天气过程期间的逆温特征,揭示了南方冬季低空逆温的基本规律和空间分布特征。结果表明:①南方冬季低空逆温普遍存在;②逆温强度指数随逆温底部高度的上升而增加,在700～600hPa之间,逆温强度最强;③偏西南地区(贵州和湖南南部)逆温平均强度普遍高于偏东北地区(安徽和江苏);④1964—1995年"低温雨雪冰冻"天气时段内逆温强度指数有逐年上升的趋势,而逆温层平均厚度有较明显的减小趋势;⑤逆温出现时偏西南地区高空700hPa附近有一温度大于0℃的暖温层,而偏东北部地区没有;⑥"低温雨雪冰冻"天气期间偏西南地区以冻雨为主,偏东北地区以降雪为主。Based on the low-altitude standard level and significant level data of 12 radiosonde stations from 7 provinces in the southern China in winter half year from 1960 to 1999,the frequency,intensity,and thickness of low-altitude temperature inversion layers in winter in the southern China are analyzed statistically and its basic regularities and spatial distribution characteristics are revealed,compared with the historical temperature inversion characteristics of freezing rain and snow weather processes.The results indicate:(1) the low-altitude temperature inversion occurred widely in the southern China during winter;(2) the inversion intensity index increased with the increasing bottom height of temperature inversion,and the biggest inversion intensity occurred between 700 and 600 hPa;(3) the average intensity of temperature inversion in the southwest region(southern Guizhou and Hunan) was generally higher than that in the northeast region(Anhui and Jiangsu);(4) the inversion intensity index had an annual increasing trend during freezing rain and snow weather processes from 1964 to 1995 while the average thickness of the inversion layer had a significant decreasing trend;(5) when inversion appeared,there was a warm temperature layer with the temperature greater than 0 ℃ around 700 hPa in the southwest region,but not in the northeast region;(6) during freezing rain and snow weather processes,the southwest region was dominated by freezing rains while the northeast region was dominated by snow.

关 键 词：南方地区 冬季逆温 雨凇 降雪 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]