江阴市河流底栖动物群落结构特征及其生物多样性  

COMMUNITY STRUCTURES AND BIODIVERSITY OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES FOR THE RIVERS IN JIANGYIN,JIANGSU PROVINCE

作　　者：段学花[1] 宋晓兰 奚海明 宋立新 郑科 卞金良 

机构地区：[1]江苏省江阴市水利农机局,江苏江阴214431 [2]江苏省江阴市环境监测站,江苏江阴214431

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2012年第S1期46-50,共5页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：江苏省环境监测科研基金项目(1002);江苏省科技项目(BK2010168)

摘　　要：2010～2011年对江阴市7条主要内河及长江江阴段共计8条河流的15个断面进行了野外调查,采样研究了江阴市河流底栖动物的群落结构特征及其生物多样性。调查结果显示,8条河流共采集到底栖动物29种,分属3门7纲16科24属,其中软体动物14种、寡毛类3种、水生昆虫4种、十足目4种、蛭纲2种、端足目1种、多毛纲1种。其中,以锡澄运河的底栖动物种类最多,达17种。从密度来看,应天河监测断面平均密度最大,为37 156ind./m2;长江监测断面平均密度最小,为6ind./m2。从底栖动物分布来看,长江和白屈港监测断面物种分布均匀,锡澄运河监测断面软体动物占绝对优势(80%以上),其中梨形环棱螺(Bellamyapurificata)为优势物种。其他5条河流的监测断面寡毛类均占绝对优势(89～100%)。从整体来看,江阴市内河及长江江阴段的底栖动物群落组成并不丰富。根据群落组成的相似程度,通过聚类分析,8条河流可聚为3类。锡澄运河和长江鹅鼻嘴断面的主要功能摄食类型为刮食者,长江肖山湾断面及其他6条河流的主要功能摄食类型为牧食收集者。Field investigations and sampling were done from 2010-2011 to study the community structure and biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in Jiangyin.Fifteen sampling sites were selected along eight rivers in Jiangyin.A total of twenty-nine taxa were identified.Taxa richness of the Xicheng Canal was the highest(17 taxa).The individuals density of the Yingtian River was the largest(37156 ind./m2),and that of the Yangtze River at Jiangyin was the least(6 ind./m2).The biodiversity was assessed with the biotic indices.The macroinvertebrate assemblages of the Yangtze River at Jiangyin and the Baiqu River were evenly-distributed.Mollusks constituted the most dominant group in the Xicheng Canal,and accounted for more than 80% of the total abundance,among which Bellamya purificata was the dominant species.And oligochaete was the absolutely dominant taxa for the other five rivers,ranging from 89% to 100%.On the whole,the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates for the rivers in Jiangyin area was low.Based on the macroinvertebrate community composition,the eight investigated rivers were classified into 3 groups.The main functional feeding groups of the Xicheng Canal and the Yangtze River at Ebizui were scrapers,and that of the Yangtze River at Xiaoshan and the other six rivers were collector-gatherers.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 群落结构 生物多样性 摄食功能组 江阴 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]