水稻超高产群体特征及其栽培技术  

Characteristics of Super High-yielding Population of Rice and Cultivation Techniques

作　　者：杨建昌[1] 陈忠辉[2] 杜永[3] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院 [2]苏州农业职业技术学院 [3]连云港市农业局连云港222006

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2004年第4期37-41,共5页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究生展规划项目 ( G1990 1170 4)

摘　　要：水稻产量 >12 t/ hm2 ,颖花量应 >5万朵 / m2 ,结实率 >80 % ,千粒重 2 6～ 2 8g。超高产群体的特征为 :茎蘖苗在有效分蘖临界叶龄期达到预期穗数 ,茎蘖成穗率 >80 % ;冠层叶片挺立 ,抽穗期叶面积指数 7.8～ 8.8,有效叶面积比例 >95 % ,高效叶面积比例 75 %～ 80 % ;粒叶比 [颖花 /叶 (cm2 ) ]>0 .6 ;全生育期光合势 >5 5 0 m2 · d/ m2 ,抽穗至成熟的光合势 >2 30 m2 · d/ m2 ;成熟期总干重 2 3～ 2 8t/ hm2 ,其中抽穗至成熟期积累的干物质占总干重的 35 %～ 4 0 % ,收获指数 >0 .5 1;抽穗期根冠比为 0 .2 5～ 0 .2 9,单茎根系伤流量为 2 10～ 2 4 5mg/ h。介绍了水稻超高产群体的关键栽培技术 :按叶龄期控制土壤水分的旱育壮秧培育技术 ;实地实时因种施肥技术 ;When grain yield of rice was above 12 t/hm 2, the amount of spikelets should be above 50 000/m 2, grain-filling percentage above 80%, and 103-grain weight was between 26~28 g. The super high-yielding population had following characteristics: total number of stems and tillers at the critical leaf-age of productive tillers were nearly equal to the expected panicle number, and the percentage of productive tillers above 80%; leaves in the canopy were erect,the total leaf area index at heading was 7.8~8.8, the percentage of effective leaf area was above 95%, and the percentage of high effective leaf area was between 75%~80%; grain-leaf ratio [spikelets/leaf (cm 2)] was above 0.6; the photosynthetic potential during the whole growth period was above 550 m 2·d/m 2 and from heading to maturity above 230 m 2·d/m 2; the total dry matter weight at maturity was 23~28 t/hm 2, of which 35%~40% was accumulated during the grain filling period, and harvest index was above 0.51; the root-shoot ratio was 0.25~0.29 and root exudates per stem was 210~245 mg/h at heading. The cultivation techniques for the super high-yielding population were discussed in the paper. They were the nursing strong dry-raised seedlings by controlling soil moisture at different leaf-age, site-specific and real-time fertilizer management, dry-wet alternate irrigation during the whole growth period according to low-limit of soil water potentials, and applying chemical regulators.

关 键 词：水稻 群体特征 栽培技术 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]