八面雅典娜:希腊神话的多元文化编码  

Octahedral Athena——A Code for the Multi-Cultural Feature of Greek Myths

作　　者：叶舒宪[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200433 [2]兰州大学文学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第1期50-62,共13页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目"中国文学人类学理论与方法研究"(10&ZD100)

摘　　要：雅典娜女神不是希腊人独自想象出的形象,而是源于更早的地中海文明的女神崇拜传统,融合了多元文化要素后被希腊人再造而成。其直接原型是迈锡尼和克里特的米诺斯文明的女性主神兼王室守护神,其间接的原型则需追溯到新石器时代的鸟女神和鸮女神。将雅典娜的复杂性归纳为八副面孔:女战神、处女神、技艺守护神、智慧之神、猫头鹰女神、蛇女神,以及城市守护神和父亲生育的神,分别探讨其文化渊源和流变。Goddess Athena is not an imagination conjured up in the mind of ancient Greeks;it derives from the tradition of early Eastern Mediterranean civilizations which worships the goddess in combination of multicultural elements.Her direct prototype is the Goddess in Mycenaean's and Crete's Minoan civilizations,the Patron Saint of the Royal family as well;her indirect prototype can be traced back to the goddess of birds or owls in the Neolithic period.Athena's multiple features can be summarized by her eight faces:standing for just warfare,virgin,arts and crafts,wisdom,owls,snakes,patron of cities and the favorite daughter of her father Zeus.The origin and evolution of these myths have been discussed in this paper.

关 键 词：雅典娜 多元文化 大传统 地中海文明 

分 类 号：B932[哲学宗教—宗教学]