抗逆力(Resilience)研究需识别之诸效应  

An Overview of Several Noteworthy Effects in Resilience Inquiry

作　　者：席居哲[1] 左志宏[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院 [2]华东师范大学学前教育与特殊教育学院

出　　处：《首都师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第1期115-123,共9页Journal of Capital Normal University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(08CSH026);上海市教育科学研究项目(B08013);上海市浦江人才计划项目(12PJC037);上海市妇联家庭文明建设重点课题(JW1303)

摘　　要：作为反映严重压力/逆境经历下人的发展个体差异的抗逆力(resilience),体现着发展的成因多重性和结果多样性。由于人们赖于生存的生态系统颇为复杂,要解读"缘何一些人被严重压力/逆境压垮而为数不少者却似未受到高危生存环境的损伤性影响"这一抗逆力核心命题,就需要深入探查压力/逆境因子、抗逆力相关因子及心理社会功能与发展因子间盘根错节的关系。迄今,研究者业已确认出若干应予充分关注的效应,包括:连锁效应、缓冲效应、中和效应、敏化效应、钢化效应、转折点效应及锚定效应等,这些效应从不同侧面映现了抗逆力发展的机制与过程。深入把握这些效应特征及相互区别,无论对于抗逆力理论研究还是实践探索,都是大有裨益的。Resilience,reflecting individual differences in development in the face of severe stress / adversity,embodies multi-causality and multi-finality of human development. The complexity of ecosystems in which a person lives entangles the inquiry into the relationships among stress / adversity factors,correlates of resilience,and development of psychosocial functions. It is definitely not easy to unveil the core issue of resilience why some people surrender to severe stress / adversity while quite a lot of other people develop resiliency. To date,researchers have identified several noteworthy effects in resilience inquiry that include chain effect,buffering effect,neutralizing effect,sensitizing effect,steeling effect,turning-point effect and anchoring effect. Each of these effects represents a particular frequency of the spectrum of developmental mechanisms of resilience / non-resilience. Understanding those effects and the differentiation is definitely useful for constructing theories of resilience and developing programs of resilience enhancement and implementing them.

关 键 词：抗逆力 连锁效应 缓冲效应 中和效应 敏化效应 钢化效应 转折点效应 锚定效应 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理]