以色列比例选举制的利弊探析  

AN INQUIRY INTO THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM OF PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION IN ISRAEL

作　　者：雷钰 

出　　处：《西亚非洲》1993年第2期38-43,80,共7页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：以色列实行“三权分立,相互制衡”的议会民主制。议会是国家的最高权力机构,按照比例选举制(比例代表制)的原则选举产生,由参加竞选的各政党根据得票的多少按比例分配议席。以色列是当今世界上“不折不扣地采用比例代表制的唯一国家”。①比例选举制是以色列社会政治生活中一个至关重要的、影响全局的问题,现就其利弊得失分述如下。A parliamentary democracy of 'separation of execusive, legislative and judicial powers and making them chech each other' is being practised in Israel. The knesset is the highest organ of power in the country, which is constituted by elections that are carried out in accordance with the principle of an electoral system of proportional representation. The strongest point of this system is that it can bring the Israeli parliamentary democracy into full play by 'mirroring more fully, more correctly and more honestly the public opinion'. Under such an electoral system there has never been formed a party that holds a position of absolute dominance in the knesset, so that a multi-party system is required objectively, hence there has never appeared all along a situation of autocracy by a single party. The electoral system of proportional representation has provided conditions for Israeli political parties to engage extensively in socio-economic activities. This electoral system,how- ever, has disadvantages of its. own. It makes political parties and groupings stand in great numbers in the country, with the political arena being partic- ularly brought with small parties which are reflecting only the interests of minority and becoming the most conspicuous weak point in the existing political system. In the meantime, great numbers-of political patties and groupings, and scattering of seats have made all political parties and groups unable to win a majority of seats in the parliament and thereby impeded gravely the normal operation of the knesset mechanism in Israel. Besides, this electoral system has also made the coalition government very fragile. It has made the candidates separated from his constituency and free from their supervision. Israeli electorate are therefore practically being unable to enjoy direct parti-

关 键 词：比例代表制 选举制 议会民主制 三权分立 最高权力机构 相互制衡 政党 比例分配 探析 联合政府 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系] F11[政治法律—政治学]