铅丹朱砂和土红变色研究的新进展  

New Developments in the Research of Colour changes in Red Lead Vermilion and Hematite

作　　者：李最雄[1] 樊再轩[1] 盛芬玲[2] 

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院保护所 [2]兰州大学分析测试中心

出　　处：《敦煌研究》1992年第1期89-117,123-124+85,共32页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：莫高窟壁画中的铅丹、朱砂等红色颜料,由于受到各种环境因素的影响,产生了严重的变色病害。特别是红色颜料中的铅丹(_Pb3O₄),在高湿度、光照等因素的影响下,变色尤为严重。敦煌壁画的变色问题是一个极其错综复杂的问题,也是壁画保护的一大难题。经过对莫高窟壁画变色颜料的现场调查和分析测试,以及一系列的模拟实验。In order to better understanding the influence about disoclouration of red lead, vermilion and hematite by the plastering ground of wall paintings, experiments have now been trade on the silt taken from the Daquan riverbed which was used in the past, to make the plastering ground on which the wall paintings were painted at the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang. The plastering ground involved are alkaline clay, gypsum (CaSO_4) and slaked lime. Red Lead (Pb_3O_4) Under fluorescent illumination and RH70% ,experiments show that serious changes in colour take place when red lead is applied to plastering ground which contains alkline clay, gypsum and slaked lime. In the process of discolouration, .it was observed that red lead with no glue added, changed colour slowly; when glue was added, it changed rapidly once the discolouration mechanism had been set in motion. This indicates that glue (a protein) in its initial period slows down and even protects red lead from discolouration; however, once the has aged, it actually hastens discoloura tion. Vermilion (HgS) It has been observed that when a mixture of vermilion and red lead is applied to an alkaline clay plastering ground, vermilionis found to be rather stable. It hasalso been observed that Vermilion after being illuminated fluorescent. becomes darker in colour When it is applied to gypsum and alkaline clay plastering groud; on a lime plastering ground, however, it was found to be stable. Humidity was not found to have any influence on the discoiouration of vermilion. Hematite (Fe2o3) It has been observed that under different rates and degrees of humidity and illumination, hematite does not change colour when applied to an alkaline clay, a gypsum or a slaked li'me plastering ground. Hematite can thus be said to be stable when applied to plastering ground containing the three substances mentioned above,

关 键 词：敦煌莫高窟 莫高窟壁画 石窟壁画 铅丹 红色颜料 敦煌壁画 朱砂 敦煌研究 壁画颜料 铅白 

分 类 号：K870.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]